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Prediktívne biomarkery v imunoterapii triple-negatívneho karcinómu prsníka – súčasné poznatky a perspektívy


Autori: V. Tancoš;  A. Blichárová
Pôsobisko autorov: Ústav patológie UPJŠ LF a UNLP, Košice, Slovenská republika
Vyšlo v časopise: Klin Onkol 2023; 36(1): 28-34
Kategória: Review
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccko202328

Súhrn

Východiská: Imunoterapia s využitím inhibítorov imunitných kontrolných bodov (immune check­point inhibitors – ICIs) ohlásila novú éru v liečbe pokročilého triple-negatívneho karcinómu prsníka (TNBC). Avšak v značnej časti pacientov s TNBC je klinický dopad liečby ICIs nepredvídateľný a vhodné bio­markery identifikujúce nádory citlivé na imunoterapiu sú veľmi potrebné. V súčasnosti klinicky najviac relevantné prediktívne bio­markery účinnosti ICIs predstavuje imunohistochemická analýza expresie ligandu 1 programovanej bunkovej smrti (PD-L1), hodnotenie tumor infiltrujúcich lymfocytov (TIL) v nádorovom mikroprostredí (tumor microenvironment – TME) a vyšetrenie nádorovej mutačnej nálože (tumor mutational burden – TMB). Nové bio­markery súvisiace s aktiváciou signálnej dráhy transformačného rastového faktora beta, s receptorom 1 domény diskoidínu a s trombospondínom 1, ako aj mnohé ďalšie celulárne a molekulárne faktory prítomné v TME, predstavujú potenciálne prediktory účinnosti ICIs využiteľné v bu­dúcnosti. Cieľ: V predkladanom prehľadovom článku sumarizujeme súčasné poznatky o regulácii PD-L1 a o prediktívnej hodnote TIL a s nimi súvisiacimi celulárnymi a molekulárnymi komponentmi prítomnými v systéme TME v TNBC. Tiež sa venujeme TMB a novým bio­markerom s potenciálnou úlohou v predikcii účinnosti ICI a pokúsime sa načrtnúť nové terapeutické stratégie.

Klíčová slova:

tumor infiltrujúce lymfocyty – imunoterapia – ligand 1 programovanej bunkovej smrti – triple-negatívny karcinóm prsníka – nádorová mutačná nálož


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Paediatric clinical oncology Surgery Clinical oncology

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Clinical Oncology

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