Development of a novel mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using a high-fat, choline-deficient diet and intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine

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Background:
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is increasing, and its clinicopathological features are well established. Several animal models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis have been developed to facilitate its study; however, few fully recapitulate all its clinical features, which include insulin resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Moreover, these models require a relatively long time to produce hepatocellular carcinoma reliably. The aim of this study was to develop a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that develops quickly and reflects all clinically relevant features.

Methods:
Three-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed either a standard diet (MF) or a choline-deficient, high-fat diet (HFCD). The mice in the MF + diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and HFCD + DEN groups received a one-time intraperitoneal injection of DEN at the start of the respective feeding protocols.

Results:
The mice in the HFCD and HFCD + DEN groups developed obesity early in the experiment and insulin resistance after 12 weeks. Triglyceride levels peaked at 8 weeks for all four groups and decreased thereafter. Alanine aminotransferase levels increased every 4 weeks, with the HFCD and HFCD + DEN groups showing remarkably high levels; the HFCD + DEN group presented the highest incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The levels of fibrosis and steatosis varied, but they tended to increase every 4 weeks in the HFCD and HFCD + DEN groups. Computed tomography scans indicated that all the HFCD + DEN mice developed hepatic tumors from 20 weeks, some of which were glutamine synthetase-positive.

Conclusions:
The nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma model we describe here is simple to establish, results in rapid tumor formation, and recapitulates most of the key features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. It could therefore facilitate further studies of the development, oncogenic potential, diagnosis, and treatment of this condition.

Keywords:
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Diethylnitrosamine, High-fat choline-deficient diet, Mouse model

Autoři: Norihiro Kishida ¹; Sachiko Matsuda ^1,2; Osamu Itano ^1*; Masahiro Shinoda ¹; Minoru Kitago ¹; Hiroshi Yagi ¹; Yuta Abe ¹; Taizo Hibi ¹; Yohei Masugi ³; Koichi Aiura ⁴; Michiie Sakamoto ³; Yuko Kitagawa ¹
Působiště autorů: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 5 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-858 , Japan. ¹; Chugai Pharmaceutical Endowed Research Chair in Molecular Targeted Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. ²; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. ³; Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kawasaki-ku, Japan. ⁴
Vyšlo v časopise: BMC Gastroenterology 2016, 16:61
Kategorie: Research article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-016-0477-5

© 2016 The Author(s).
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-016-0477-5

Souhrn

Keywords:
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Diethylnitrosamine, High-fat choline-deficient diet, Mouse model

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