Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock ticks and animal handler seroprevalence at an abattoir in Ghana

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Background:
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted by Ixodid ticks and causes Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) disease in humans with up to 50 % mortality rate.

Methods:
Freshly slaughtered livestock at the Kumasi abattoir in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were examined for the presence of ticks once a month over a 6-month period from May to November 2011. The ticks were grouped into pools by species, sex, and animal source. CCHFV was detected in the ticks using reverse transcription PCR. Blood samples were collected from enrolled abattoir workers at initiation, and from those who reported fever in a preceding 30-day period during monthly visits 2–5 months after initiation. Six months after initiation, all participants who provided baseline samples were invited to provide blood samples. Serology was performed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic and epidemiological data was also obtained from enrolled participants using a structured questionnaire.

Results:
Of 428 freshly slaughtered animals comprising 130 sheep, 149 cattle, and 149 goats examined, 144 ticks belonging to the genera Ambylomma, Hyalomma and Boophilus were identified from 57 (13.3 %): 52 (34.9 %), 4 (3.1 %) and 1 (0.7 %) cattle, sheep and goat respectively. Of 97 tick pools tested, 5 pools comprising 1 pool of Hyalomma excavatum and 4 pools of Ambylomma variegatum, collected from cattle, were positive for CCHFV. Of 188 human serum samples collected from 108 abattoir workers, 7 (3.7 %) samples from 6 persons were anti-CCHF IgG positive with one of them also being CCHF IgM positive. The seroprevalence of CCHFV identified in this study was 5.7 %.

Conclusions:
This study detected human exposure to CCHF virus in slaughterhouse workers and also identified the CCHF virus in proven vectors (ticks) of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever in Ghana. The CCHFV was detected only in ticks collected from cattle, one of the livestock known to play a role in the amplification of the CCHF virus.

Keywords:
Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, Seroprevalence, Ticks, Ambylomma, Hyalomma, Boophilus, Livestock, Abattoir, Ghana

Autoři: R. Akuffo ^1,3,6*; J. A. M. Brandful ³; A. Zayed ¹; A. Adjei ⁴; N. Watany ¹; N. T. Fahmy ¹; R. Hughes ¹; B. Doman ¹; S. V. Voegborlo ¹; D. Aziati ³; D. Pratt ³; J. A. Awuni ⁵; N. Adams ¹; E. Dueger ^1,2
Působiště autorů: U. S Naval Medical Research Unit No. , Cairo, Egypt. ¹; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. ²; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. ³; University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. ⁴; Veterinary Services of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. ⁵; Present Address: NAMRU-3, PSC 452, P. O Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835-99983A Imtidad Ramses Street. Adjacent to Abbassia Fever Hospital, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt. ⁶
Vyšlo v časopise: BMC Infectious diseases 2016, 16:324
Kategorie: Research article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1660-6

© 2016 The Author(s).
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-016-1660-6

Souhrn

Keywords:
Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, Seroprevalence, Ticks, Ambylomma, Hyalomma, Boophilus, Livestock, Abattoir, Ghana

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