#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in perioperative medicine


Authors: Růžek Lukáš 1,2;  Čundrle Ivan ml. 1,2,3
Authors place of work: Anesteziologicko resuscitační klinika, Fakultní nemocnice u sv. Anny v Brně 1;  Mezinárodní centrum klinického výzkumu, Fakultní nemocnice u sv. Anny v Brně 2;  Lékařská fakulta Masarykovy Univerzity v Brně 3
Published in the journal: Anest. intenziv. Med., 26, 2015, č. 2, s. 79-86
Category: Anesthesiology - Review Article

Summary

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common form of sleep disorder breathing and is characterized by recurrent cessations of breathing during sleep. Estimated prevalence of OSA could be as high as 24% in normal population and may be even higher (up to 64%) in the population of surgical patients. OSA is associated with major comorbidities, higher mortality rates and perioperative complications. In surgical patients, despite higher prevalence and clinical importance it is often undiagnosed. Anaesthesiologists play a pivotal role in the perioperative period and could improve both diagnostics and perioperative course of these patients.

Keywords:
obstructive sleep apnea – perioperative medicine – screening


Zdroje

1. Somers, V. K., White, D. P., Amin, R., Abraham, W. T., Costa, F. et al. Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular DiseaseAn American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health). Journal of the American College of Cardiology [online]. 2008, 52, 8, p. 686–717 [cit. 21. červenec 2014]. ISSN 0735-1097. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.05.002

2. Martinez, G., Faber, P. Obstructive sleep apnoea. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain [online]. 2011, 11, 1, p. 5–8 [cit. 14. září 2014]. ISSN 1743-1816, 1743-1824. Dostupné z: doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkq042.

3. Jennum, P., Riha, R. L. Epidemiology of sleep apnoea/hypo-pnoea syndrome and sleep-disordered breathing. The European respiratory journal: official journal of the European Society for Clinical Respiratory Physiology [online]. 2009, 33, 4, p. 907–914. ISSN 1399–3003. Dostupné z: doi:10.1183/09031936.00180108.

4. Hiestand, D. M., Britz, P., Goldman, M., Phillips, B. Prevalence of symptoms and risk of sleep apnea in the US population: Results from the national sleep foundation sleep in America 2005 poll. Chest [online]. 2006, 130, 3, p. 780–786. ISSN 0012-3692. Dostupné z: doi:10.1378/chest.130.3.780.

5. Young, T., Palta, M., Dempsey, J., Skatrud, J., Weber, S.,Badr, S. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. The New England journal of medicine [online]. 1993, 328, 17, p. 1230–1235. ISSN 0028-4793. Dostupné z: doi:10.1056/NEJM199304293281704.

6. Chung, S. A., Yuan, H., Chung, F. A systemic review of obstructive sleep apnea and its implications for anesthesiologistp. Anesthesia and analgesia [online]. 2008, 107, 5, s. 1543–1563. ISSN 1526-7598. Dostupné z: doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318187c83a.

7. Hallowell, P. T., Stellato, T. A., Schuster, M., Graf, K., Robinskon, A. et al. Potentially life-threatening sleep apnea is unrecognized without aggressive evaluation. American Journal of Surgery [online]. 2007, 193, 3, p. 364–367; discussion 367. ISSN 1879-1883. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.09.022.

8. Finkel, K. J., Searleman, A. C., Tymkew, H., Tanaka, Ch. Y., Saager, L. et al. Prevalence of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea among adult surgical patients in an academic medical center. Sleep Medicine [online]. 2009, 10, 7, p. 753–758 [cit. 14. září 2014]. ISSN 1389-9457. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.08.007.

9. Fogel, R. B., Malhotra, A., Pillar, G., Edwards, J. K., Beauregard, J. et al. Genioglossal activation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea versus control subjects. Mechanisms of muscle control. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine [online]. 2001, 164, 11, p. 2025–2030. ISSN 1073-449X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.11.2102048.

10. Fenik, V. B., Davies, R. O., Kubin, L. REM sleep-like atonia of hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons is caused by loss of noradrenergic and serotonergic inputs. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine [online]. 2005, 172, 10, p. 1322–1330. ISSN 1073-449X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1750OC.

11. Loadsman, J. A., Wilcox, I. Is obstructive sleep apnoea a rapid eye movement-predominant phenomenon? British Journal of Anaesthesia [online]. 2000, 85, 3, p. 354–358 [vid. 26. březen 2013]. ISSN 0007-0912, 1471-6771. Dostupné z: doi:10.1093/bja/85.3.354.

12. Del Campo, F., Hornero, R., Zamarrón, C., Abasolo, D. E., Alvarez, D. Oxygen saturation regularity analysis in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Artificial intelligence in medicine [online]. 2006, 37, 2, p. 111–118. ISSN 0933-3657. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.artmed.2005.10.005.

13. Buda, A. J., Pinsky, M. R., Ingels, N. B., Daughters, G. T., Stinson, E. B., Alderman, E. L. Effect of intrathoracic pressure on left ventricular performance. The New England Journal of Medicine [online]. 1979, 301, 9, p. 453–459. ISSN 0028-4793. Dostupné z: doi:10.1056/NEJM197908303010901.

14. Otto, M. E., Belohlavek, M., Romero-Corral, A., Gami, A. S., Gilman, G. Et al. Comparison of cardiac structural and functional changes in obese otherwise healthy adults with versus without obstructive sleep apnea. The American Journal of Cardiology [online]. 2007, 99, 9, p. 1298–1302. ISSN 0002-9149. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.052.

15. Kimoff, R. J. Sleep fragmentation in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep, 1996, 19, 9 Suppl, p. S61–66. ISSN 0161-8105.

16. Narkiewicz, K., Montano, N., Cogliati, Ch., van de Borne, P. J. H., Dyken, M. E., Somers, V. K. Altered Cardiovascular Variability in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Circulation [online]. 1998, 98, 11, p. 1071–1077 [cit. 14. září 2014]. ISSN 0009-7322, 1524-4539. Dostupné z: doi:10.1161/01.CIR.98.11.1071.

17. Phillips, B. G., Narkiewicz, K., Pesek, C. A., Haynes, W. G., Dyken et al. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endothelin-1 and blood pressure. Journal of Hypertension, 1999, 17, 1, p. 61–66. ISSN 0263-6352.

18. von Känel, R., Loredo, J. S., Ancoli-Israel, S., Mills, P. J., Natarajan, L., Dimsdale, J. E. Association between polysomnographic measures of disrupted sleep and prothrombotic factors. Chest [online]. 2007, 131, 3, p. 733–739. ISSN 0012-3692. Dostupné z: doi:10.1378/chest.06-2006.

19. Minoguchi, K., Yokoe, T., Tazaki, T., Minoguchi, H., Oda, N. et al. Silent brain infarction and platelet activation in obstructive sleep apnea. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine [online]. 2007, 175, 6, p. 612–617. ISSN 1073-449X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1164/rccm.200608-1141OC.

20. Lavie, L. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome – an oxidative stress disorder. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2003, 7, 1, p. 35–51. ISSN 1087-0792.

21. Ludka, O., Stepanova, R., Vyskocilova, M., Galkova, L., Mikolaskova, M. et al. Sleep apnea prevalence in acute myocardial infarction – the Sleep Apnea in Post-acute Myocardial Infarction Patients (SAPAMI) Study. International Journal of Cardiology [online]. 2014, 176, 1, p. 13–19. ISSN 1874-1754. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.020

22. Flink, B. J., Rivelli, S. K., Cox, E. A., White, W. D., Falco-ne, G. Et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and incidence of postoperative delirium after elective knee replacement in the nondemented elderly. Anesthesiology [online]. 2012, 116, 4, p. 788–796. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31824b94fc

23. Kerr, P., Shoenut, J. P., Millar, T., Buckle, P., Kryger, M. H. Nasal CPAP reduces gastroesophageal reflux in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest, 1992, 101, 6, p. 1539–1544. ISSN 0012-3692.

24. Liao, P., Yegneswaran, B., Vairavanathan, S., Zilberman, P., Chung, F. Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective matched cohort study. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D’anesthésie [online]. 2009, 56, 11, p. 819–828. ISSN 1496-8975. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/s12630-009-9190-y

25. Hwang, D., Shakir, N., Limann, B., Sison, C., Kalra, S. et al. Association of sleep-disordered breathing with postoperative complications. Chest [online]. 2008, 133, 5, p. 1128–1134. ISSN 0012-3692. Dostupné z: doi:10.1378/chest.07-1488

26. Mokhlesi, B., Hovda, M. D., Vekhter, B., Arora, V. M., Chung, F.,Meltzer, D. O. Sleep-disordered breathing and postoperative outcomes after elective surgery: analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample. Chest [online], 2013, 144, 3, p. 903–914. ISSN 1931-3543. Dostupné z: doi:10.1378/chest.12-2905

27. Marshall, N. S., Wong, K. K. H., Liu, P. Y., Cullen, S. R. J., Knuiman, M. W., Grunstein R. R. Sleep Apnea as an Independent Risk Factor for All-Cause Mortality: The Busselton Health Study. Sleep, 2008, 31, 8, p. 1079–1085, ISSN 0161-8105.

28. Chung, F., Liao, P., Elsaid, H., Shapiro, C. M., Kang, W. Factors associated with postoperative exacerbation of sleep-disorderedbreathing. Anesthesiology [online], 2014, 120, 2, p. 299–311.ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.

29. Memtsoudis, S., Lui, S. S., Ma, Y., Chui, Y. L., Walz, J. M.et al. Perioperative pulmonary outcomes in patients with sleep apnea after noncardiac surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia [online]. 2011, 112, 1, p. 113–121. ISSN 1526-7598. Dostupné z: doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182009abf.

30. Stierer, T. L., Wright, Ch., George, A, Thompson, R. E., Wu, Ch. L.,Collop, N. Risk assessment of obstructive sleep apnea in a population of patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2010, 6, 5, p. 467–472. ISSN 1550-9389.

31. Payen, J.-F., Jaber, S., Levy, P., Pepin, J.-L., Fischler, M. Obstructive sleep-apnoea syndrome in adult and its perioperative management. Annales Françaises D’anesthèsie Et De Rèanimation [online]. 2010, 29, 11, p. 787–792. ISSN 1769-6623. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2010.08.015

32. Plunkett, A. R., McLean, B. C., Brooks, D., Plunkett, M. T., Miki-ta, J. A. Does difficult mask ventilation predict obstructive sleep apnea? A prospective pilot study to identify the prevalence of osa in patients with difficult mask ventilation under general anesthesia. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine [online]. 2011, 7, 5, p. 473–477. ISSN 1550-9397. Dostupné z: doi:10.5664/JCSM.1310.

33. Magalhães, E., Oliveira Marques, F., Sousa Govêia, C., Araújo Ladeira, L. C., Lagares, J. Use of simple clinical predictors on preoperative diagnosis of difficult endotracheal intubation in obese patients. Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia [online]. 2013, 63, 3, p. 262–266. ISSN 1806-907X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/S0034-7094(13)70228-9.

34. Benumof, J. L. Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult obese patient: implications for airway management. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 2001, 13, 2, p. 144–156. ISSN 0952-8180.

35. Isono, S. Obstructive sleep apnea of obese adults: pathophysiology and perioperative airway management. Anesthesiology [online]. 2009, 110, 4, p. 908–921. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31819c74be.

36. Esclamado, R. M., Glenn, M. G., McCulloch, T. M., Cummings, C. W. Perioperative complications and risk factors in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope [online]. 1989, 99, 11, p. 1125–1129. ISSN 0023-852X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1288/00005537-198911000-00004

37. Rosenberg, J., Dirkes, W. E., Kehlet, H. Episodic arterial oxygen desaturation and heart rate variations following major abdominal surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1989, 63, 6, p. 651–654. ISSN 0007-0912.

38. Rosenberg, J., Wildschiødtz, G., Pedersen, M. H., von Jessen, F.,Kehlet, H. Late postoperative nocturnal episodic hypoxaemia and associated sleep pattern. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1994, 72, 2, p. 145–150. ISSN 0007-0912.

39. Gupta, R. M., Parvizi, J., Hanssen, A. D., Gay, P. C. Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome undergoing hip or knee replacement: a case-control study. Mayo Clinic Proceedings [online]. 2001, 76, 9, p. 897–905. ISSN 0025-6196. Dostupné z: doi:10.4065/76.9.897

40. Kaw, R., Pasupuleti, V., Walker, E., Ramaswamy, A., Foldvary-Schafer, N. Postoperative complications in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Chest [online]. 2012, 141, 2, p. 436–441. ISSN 1931-3543. Dostupné z: doi:10.1378/chest.11-0283.

41. Gali, B., Whalen, F. X., Schroeder, D. R., Gay, P. C., Plevak, D. J. Identification of patients at risk for postoperative respiratory complications using a preoperative obstructive sleep apnea screening tool and postanesthesia care assessment. Anesthesiology [online]. 2009, 110, 4, p. 869–877. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31819b5d70.

42. Vasu, T. S., Doghramji, K., Cavallazzi, R., Grewal, R., Hirani, A. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and postoperative complications: clinical use of the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery [online]. 2010, 136, 10, p. 1020–1024. ISSN 1538-361X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1001/archoto.2010.1020.

43. Kaw, R., Golish, J., Ghamande, S., Burgess, R., Foldvary, N., Walker, E. Incremental risk of obstructive sleep apnea on cardiac surgical outcomes. The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 2006, 47, 6, p. 683–689. ISSN 0021-9509.

44. Sabers, C., Plevak, D. J., Schroeder, D. R., Warner, D. O. The diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for unanticipated admissions in outpatient surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 2003, 96, 5, p. 1328–1335, table of contents. ISSN 0003-2999.

45. Alexander, C. M., Gross, J. B. Sedative doses of midazolam depress hypoxic ventilatory responses in humans. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1988, 67, 4, p. 377–382. ISSN 0003-2999.

46. Weil, J. V., McCullough, R. E., Kline, J. S., Sodal, I. E. Diminished ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia after morphine in normal man. The New England Journal of Medicine [online]. 1975, 292, 21, p. 1103–1106. ISSN 0028-4793. Dostupné z: doi:10.1056/NEJM197505222922106.

47. Dahan, A., van den Elsen, M. J., Berkenbosch, A., Degoede, J., Olievies, I. C. et al. Effects of subanesthetic halothane on the ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and acute hypoxia in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology, 1994, 80, 4, p. 727–738. ISSN 0003-3022.

48. van den Elsen, M., Dahan, A., Degoede, J., Berkenbosch, A.,van Kleef, J. Influences of subanesthetic isoflurane on ventilatory control in humans. Anesthesiology, 1995, 83, 3, p. 478–490. ISSN 0003-3022.

49. Catley, D. M., Thornton, C., Jordan, C., Lehane, J. R., Roy-ston, D., Jones, J. G. Pronounced, episodic oxygen desaturation in the postoperative period: its association with ventilatory pattern and analgesic regimen. Anesthesiology, 1985, 63, 1, p. 20–28. ISSN 0003-3022.

50. Clyburn, P. A., Rosen, M., Vickers, M. D. Comparison of the respiratory effects of i.v. infusions of morphine and regional analgesia by extradural block. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1990, 64, 4, p. 446–449. ISSN 0007-0912.

51. Pereira, H., Xará, D., Mendonça, J., Santos, A., Abelha, F. J.Patients with a high risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: postoperative respiratory complications. Revista Portuguesa De Pneumologia [online]. 2013, 19, 4, p. 144–151. ISSN 0873-2159. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.rppneu.2013.01.003

52. Ing, A. J., Ngu, M. C., Breslin, A. B. Obstructive sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux. The American Journal of Medicine, 2000, 108 Suppl 4a, p. 120S–125S. ISSN 0002-9343.

53. Valipour, A., Makker, H. K., Hardy, R., Emegbo, S., Toma, T., Spiro, S. G. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux in subjects with a breathing sleep disorder. Chest, 2002, 121, 6, p. 1748–1753. ISSN 0012-3692.

54. Loadsman, J. A., Hillman, D. R. Anaesthesia and sleep apnoea. British Journal of Anaesthesia [online]. 2001, 86, 2, p. 254–266 [cit. 14. září 2014]. ISSN 0007-0912, 1471-6771. Dostupné z: doi:10.1093/bja/86.2.254.

55. Grote, L., Kraiczi, H., Hedner, J. Reduced alpha- and beta(2)-adrenergic vascular response in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine [online]. 2000, 162, 4 Pt 1, p. 1480–1487. ISSN 1073-449X. Dostupné z: doi:10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9912028.

56. Ahmad, S., Nagle, A., McCarthy, R. J., Fitzgerald, P. C., Sulli-van, J. T., Prystowsky, J. Postoperative hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia [online]. 2008, 107, 1, p. 138–143. ISSN 1526-7598. Dostupné z: doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318174df8b.

57. Robinson, T. N., Raeburn, Ch. D., Tran, Z. V., Angles, E. M., Brenner, L. A., Moss, M. Postoperative delirium in the elderly: risk factors and outcomes. Annals of Surgery [online]. 2009, 249, 1, p. 173–178. ISSN 1528-1140. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31818e4776.

58. Steiner, L. A. Postoperative delirium. Part 1: pathophysiology and risk factors. European Journal of Anaesthesiology [online]. 2011, 28, 9, p. 628–636. ISSN 1365-2346. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/EJA.0b013e328349b7f5.

59. Bateman, B. T., Eikermann, M. Obstructive sleep apnea predicts adverse perioperative outcome: evidence for an association between obstructive sleep apnea and delirium. Anesthesiology, [online]. 2012, 116, 4, p. 753–755. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31824b96e1.

60. Sen, Ch. K. Wound Healing Essentials: Let There Be Oxygen. Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society [online]. 2009, 17, 1, p. 1–18 [cit. 18. listopad 2014]. ISSN 1067-1927. Dostupné z: doi:10.1111/j.1524-475X.2008.00436.x.

61. Young, T., Evans, L., Finn, L., Palta, M. Estimation of the clinically diagnosed proportion of sleep apnea syndrome in middle-aged men and women. Sleep, 1997, 20, 9, p. 705–706. ISSN 0161-8105.

62. Systematic Review of the Literature Regarding the Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea. Summary – AHRQ Evidence Report Summaries – NCBI Bookshelf [online]. [cit. 9. říjen 2012]. Dostupné z: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11925/.

63. Ramachandran, S. K., Josephs, L. A. A meta-analysis of clinical screening tests for obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology [online]. 2009, 110, 4, p. 928–939. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31819c47b6.

64. Ng, S. S. S., Chan, T., To, K., Ngai, J., Tung, A., Ko, F. W. S.,Hui, D. S. C. Validation of Embletta portable diagnostic system for identifying patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) [online]. 2010, 15, 2, p. 336–342. ISSN 1440-1843. Dostupné z: doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01697.x.

65. Gögenur, I., Wildschiøtz, G., Rosenberg, J. Circadian distribu-tion of sleep phases after major abdominal surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia [online]. 2008, 100, 1, p. 45–49. ISSN 1471-6771. Dostupné z: doi:10.1093/bja/aem340.

66. Bernards, Ch. M., Knowlton, S. L., Schmidt, D. F., Depaso, W. J., Lee, M. K. et al. Respiratory and sleep effects of remifentanil in volunteers with moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology [online]. 2009, 110, 1, p. 41–49. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e318190b501.

67. Singh, M., Liao, P., Kobeh, S., Wijeysundera, D. N., Shapiro, C., F. Chung. Proportion of surgical patients with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea. British Journal of Anaesthesia [online]. 2013, 110, 4, p. 629–636 [cit. 26. březen 2013]. ISSN 0007-0912, 1471-6771. Dostupné z: doi:10.1093/bja/aes465.

68. Abrishami, A., Khajehdehi, A., Chung, F. A systematic review of screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnea. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D’anesthésie [online]. 2010, 57, 5, p. 423–438. ISSN 1496-8975. Dostupné z: doi:10.1007/s12630-010-9280-x.

69. Gross, J. B., Bachenberg, K. L., Benumof, J. L., Caplan, R. A., Connis, R. T. et al. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management. Practice guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology, 2006, 104, 5, p. 1081–1093; quiz 1117–1118. ISSN 0003-3022.

70. Chung, F., Yegneswaran, B., Liao, P., Chung, S. A., Vairava-nathan, S. et al. Validation of the Berlin questionnaire and American Society of Anesthesiologists checklist as screening tools for obstructive sleep apnea in surgical patients. Anesthesiology [online]. 2008, 108, 5, p. 822–830. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e31816d91b5.

71. Sharara, A. I., el Zahabi, L., Maasri, K., Hashash, J. G., Man-sour, N. et al. Persistent snoring under conscious sedation during colonoscopy is a predictor of obstructive sleep apnea. Gastrointestinal endoscopy [online]. 2010, 71, 7, p. 1224–1230. ISSN 1097-6779. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.gie.2009.11.049.

72. Rabelo, F. A. W., Braga, A., Küpper, D. S., de Oliveira, J. A. A.,Lopes, F. M. et al. Propofol-induced sleep: polysomnographic evaluation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea and controls. Otolaryngology – head and neck surgery: official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery [online]. 2010, 142, 2, p. 218–224. ISSN 1097-6817. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2009.11.002.

73. Vasu, T. S., Grewal, R., Doghramji, K. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and perioperative complications: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine [online]. 2012, 8, 2, p. 199–207. ISSN 1550-9397. Dostupné z: doi:10.5664/jcsm.1784.

74. Hillman, D. R., Walsh, J. H., Maddison, K. J., Platt, P. R., Kirk-ness, J. P. et al. Evolution of changes in upper airway collapsibility during slow induction of anesthesia with propofol. Anesthesiology [online], 2009, 111, 1, p. 63–71. ISSN 1528-1175. Dostupné z: doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a7ec68.

75. Burgess, L. P., Derderian, S. S., Morin, G. V., Gonzalez, C., Zajtchuk, J. T. Postoperative risk following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 1992, 106, 1, p. 81–86. ISSN 0194-5998.

76. Taasan, V., Wynne, J. W., Cassisi, N., Block, A. J. The effect of nasal packing on sleep-disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation. The Laryngoscope, 1981, 91, 7, p. 1163–1172. ISSN 0023-852X.

77. Rosenberg, J., Rosenberg-Adamsen, S. Kehlet, H. Post-operative sleep disturbance: causes, factors and effects on outcome. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. Supplement. 1995, 10, p. 28–30. ISSN 0952-1941.

78. Knill, R. L., Moote, C. A., Skinner, M. I., Rose, E. A. Anesthesia with abdominal surgery leads to intense REM sleep during the first postoperative week. Anesthesiology, 1990, 73, 1, p. 52–61. ISSN 0003-3022.

79. Galanakis, P., Bickel, H., Gradinger, R., von Gumppenberg, S., Förstl, H. Acute confusional state in the elderly following hip surgery: incidence, risk factors and complications. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2001, 16, 4, 349–355. ISSN 0885-6230.

80. Tarhan, S., Moffitt, E. A., Taylor, W. F., Giuliani, E. R. Myocardial infarction after general anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1977, 56, 3, p. 455–461. ISSN 0003-2999.

81. Candiotti, K., Sharma, S., Shankar, R. Obesity, obstructive sleepapnoea, and diabetes mellitus: anaesthetic implications. British Journal of Anaesthesia [online], 2009, 103, suppl 1, p. i23–i30 [cit. 14. září 2014]. ISSN 0007-0912, 1471-6771. Dostupné z: doi:10.1093/bja/aep294

82. Rudra, A., Chatterjee, T., D., Sengupta, S., Maitra, G., Kumar, P. Obstructive sleep apnoea and anaesthesia. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine [online]. 2008, 12, 3, p. 116–123 [cit. 23. září 2014]. ISSN 0972-5229. Dostupné z: doi:10.4103/0972-5229.43680

83. Epsteint, L. J., Kristo, D., Strollo, P. J., Friedman, N., Malho-tra, A. et al. and Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Task Force Of The American Academy Of Sleep Medicine. Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2009, 5, 3, p. 263–276. ISSN 1550-9389.

84. Bolden, N., Smith, Ch. E., Auckley, D. Avoiding adverse outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): development and implementation of a perioperative OSA protocol. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia [online]. 2009, 21, 4, p. 286–293. ISSN 1873-4529. Dostupné z: doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2008.08.023.

Štítky
Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Inten Intensive Care Medicine
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#