New regulation hormones of the breast milk

1. Rajdl, D., Racek, J., Trefil, L., Steinerová, A., Korotvička, M., Stožický, F., Rokyta, Z. Vybrané rizikové faktory aterosklerózy a kojení. Klinická Biochemie a Metabolismus, 2005, 13(1), s. 36-39.

2. Savino, F., Liguori, S. A., Fissore, M. F., Oggero, R. Breast milk hormones and their protective effect on Obesity. Int. J Pediatr. Endocrinol., 2009, article number 327505, s. 1-8.

3. Nedvídková, J., Smitka, K., Kopský, V., Hainer V. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein. Physiol. Res., 2005, 54, s. 133-140.

4. Beltowski, J. Adiponectin and resistin – new hormones of white adipose tissue. Med. Sci. Monit., 2003, 9, RA55-61.

5. Fortuno, A., Rodriguez, A., Gomez-Ambrosi, J., Fruhbeck, G., Diez, J. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: role of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. J Physiol. Biochem., 2003, 59, s. 51-60.

6. Filippi, E., Sentinelli, F., Trischitta, V., et al. Association of the human adiponectin gene and insulin resistance. Eur. J Hum. Genet., 2004, 12, s. 199-205.

7. Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Ito, Y. et al. Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature, 2003, 423, s. 762-769.

8. Kershaw, E. E., Flier, J. S. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2004, 89, s. 2548-2556.

9. Lihn, A. S., Pedersen, S. B., Richelsen, B. Adiponectin: action, regulation and association to insulin sensiti-vity. Obes. Rev., 2005, 6, s. 13-21.

10. Mantzoros, C. S., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Williams, C. J. et al. Cord blood leptin and adiponectin as predictors of adiposity in children at 3 years of age: a prospective cohort study. Pediatrics, 2009, 123, s. 682–689.

11. Siahanidou, T., Mandyla, H., Papassotiriou, G. P. et al. Circulating levels of adiponectin in preterm infants. Arch. Dis. Child, 2007, 92, F286–F290.

12. Bronsky, J., Karpisek, M., Bronska, E. et al. Adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, and epidermal fatty acid binding protein: proteins newly identified in human breast milk. Clin. Chem., 2006, 52, s. 1763-1770.

13. Martin, L. J., Woo J. G., Geraghty, S. R. et al. Adiponectin is present in human milk and is associated with maternal factors. Am. J Clin. Nutr., 2006, 83, s. 1106–1111.

14. Zhou, Y., Sun, X., Jin, L., Stringfield, T., Lin, L., Chen, Y. Expression profiles of adiponectin receptors in mouse embryos. Gene Expression Patterns, 2005, 5, s. 711–715.

15. Bronsky, J., Mitrova, K., Nevoral, J., Zamecnik J. Immunoexpression of type-1 adiponectin receptor in the human intestine. Cesk. Patol., 2012, 48(3), s. 165-166.

16. Weyermann, M., Brenner, H., Rothenbacher, D. Adipokines in human milk and risk of overweight in early childhood: a prospective cohort study. Epidemiology, 2007, 18, s. 722–729.

17. Bronsky, J., Mitrova, K., Karpisek, M., et al. Adiponectin, AFABP and leptin in human breast milk during twelve months of lactation. J Pediatr. Gastr. Nutr., 2011, 52, s. 474-477.

18. Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature, 1994, 372, s. 425-432.

19. Munzberg H. Leptin-signaling pathways and leptin resistance. Forum Nutr., 2010, 63, s. 123-132.

20. Bjorbaek, C. Central leptin receptor action and resistance in Obesity. J Investig. Med., 2009, 57, s. 789-794.

21. Huan, J. N., Li, J., Han, Y., Chen, K., Wu, N., Zhao, A. Z. Adipocyte-selective reduction of the leptin receptors induced by antisense RNA leads to increased adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. J Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, s. 45638-45650.

22. Tsai, P. J., Yu, C. H., Hsu, S. P. et al. Cord plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin in healthy term neonates: positive correlation with birthweight and neonatal adiposity. Clin. Endocrinol., 2004, 61, s. 88–93.

23. Koistinen, H. A., Koivisto, V. A., Andersson, S. et al. Leptin concentration in cord blood correlates with intrauterine growth. J Clin Endocrinol. Metab., 1997, 82, s. 3328–3330.

24. Casabiell, X., Pineiro, V., Tome, M. A. et al. Presence of leptin in colostrum and/or breast milk from lactating mothers: a potential role in the regulation of neonatal food intake. J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1997, 82, s. 4270–4273.

25. Smith-Kirwin, S. M., O’Connor, D. M., De Johnston, J. et al. Leptin expression in human mammary epithelial cells and breast milk. J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1998, 83, s. 1810–1813.

26. Bonnet, M., Delavaud, C., Laud, K. et al. Mammary leptin synthesis, milk leptin and their putative physiological roles. Reproduct. Nutr. Dev., 2002, 42, s. 399–413.

27. Houseknecht, K. L., Mcguire, M. K., Portocarrero, C. P. et al. Leptin is present in human milk and is related to maternal plasma leptin concentration and adiposity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1997, 240, s. 742–747.

28. Bielicki, J., Huch, R., Von Mandach, U. Time-course of leptin levels in term and preterm human milk. Eur. J Endocrinol., 2004, 151, s. 271–276.

29. Barrenetxe, J., Villaro, A. C., Guembe, L. et al. Distribution of the long leptin receptor isoform in brush border, basolateral membrane, and cytoplasm of enterocytes. Gut, 2002, 50, s. 797–802.

30. Sanchez, J., Oliver, P., Miralles, O. et al. Leptin orally supplied to neonate rats is directly uptaken by the immature stomach and may regulate shortterm feeding. Endocrinology, 2005, 146, s. 2575–2582.

31. Stocker, C. J., Cawthorne, M. A. The influence of leptin on early life programming of Obesity. Trends in Biotechnology, 2008, 26, s. 545–551.

32. Palou, A., Pic, C. Leptin intake during lactation prevents Obesity and affects food intake and food preferences in later life. Appetite, 2009, 52, s. 249–252.

33. Ilcol, Y. O., Hizli, Z. B., Ozkan, T. Leptin concentration in breastmilk human and its relationship to duration of lactation and hormonal status. Int. Breastfeeding, 2006, J 17, s. 1–21.

34. Ucar, B., Kirel, B., Bor, O. et al. Breast milk leptin concentrations in initial and terminal milk samples: relationships to maternal and infant plasma leptin concentrations, adiposity, serum glucose, insulin, lipid and lipoprotein levels. J Pediatr. Endocrin. Metab., 2000, 13, s. 149–156.

35. Savino, F., Liguori, S. A., Oggero, R. et al. Maternal BMI and serum leptin concentration of infants in the first year of life. Acta Pædiatr., 2006, 95, s. 414–418.

36. Miralles, O., Sanchez, J., Palou, A., Pic, C. A physiological role of breast milk leptin in body weight control in developing infants. Obesity, 2006, 14, s. 1371–1377.

37. Lage, M., Baldelli, R., Camina, J. P., et al. Presence of bovine leptin in edible commercial milk and infant formula. J Endocrin. Invest., 2002, 25, s. 670–674.

38. O’Connor, D., Funanage, V., Locke, R. et al. Leptin is not present in infant formulas. J Endocrinol. Invest., 2003, 26, s. 490.

39. Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., et al. The hormone resistin links Obesity to Diabetes. Nature, 2001, 409, s. 307–312.

40. Tovar, S., Nogueiras, R., Tung, L. Y., et al. Central administration of resistin promotes short-term satiety in rats. Eur. J Endocrinol., 2005, 153, R1–R5.

41. Ilcol, Y. O., Hizli, Z. B., Eroz, E. Resistin is present in human breast milk and it correlates with maternal hormonal status and serum level of C-reactive protein. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 2008, 46, s. 118–124.

42. Cho, G. J., Yoo, S. W., Hong, S. C. et al. Correlations between umbilical and maternal serum resistin levels and neonatal birth weight. Acta Obstetr. et Gynecol. Scand., 2006, 85, s. 1051–1056.

43. Shintani, M., Ogawa, Y., Ebihara, K., et al. Ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue, is a novel orexigenic peptide that antagonizes leptin action through the activation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/Y1 receptor pathway. Diabetes, 2001, 50, s. 227– 232.

44. Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Date, Y., et al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature, 1999, 402, s. 656 – 660.

45. Tschop, M., Weyer, C., Tataranni, P. A., et al. Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human Obesity. Diabetes, 2001, 50, s. 707–709.

46. Bacha, F., Arslanian, S. A. Ghrelin suppression on overweight children: a manifestation of insulin resistance? J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2005, 90, s. 2725-2730.

47. Tschop, M., Smiley, D. L., Heiman, M. L. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature, 2000, 407, s. 908–913.

48. Gualillo, O., Caminos, J., Blanco, M. et al. Ghrelin, a novel placental-derived hormone. Endocrinology, 2001, 142, s. 788–794.

49. Chanoine, J. P., Yeung, L., Wong, A., Birmingham, C. L. Immunoreactive Ghrelin in Human Cord Blood: Relation to Anthropometry, Leptin, and Growth Hormone. J Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 2002, 35, s.: 282–286.

50. Aydin, S., Aydin, S., Ozkan, Y., Kumru, S. Ghrelin is present in human colostrum, transitional and mature milk. Peptides, 2006, 27, s. 878–882.

51. Kierson, J., Dimatteo, D., Locke, R. G. et al. Ghrelin and cholecystokinin in term and preterm human breast milk. Acta Pædiatrica, 2006, 95, s. 991–995.

52. Ilcol, Y. O., Hizli, Z. B. Active and total ghrelin concentrations increase in breast milk during lactation. Acta Pædiatr., 2007, 96, s. 1632–1639.

53. Savino, F., Fissore, M. F., Grassino, E. C. et al. Ghrelin, leptin and IGF-I levels in breastfed and formula-fed infants in the first years of life. Acta Pædiatr., 2005, 94, s. 531–537.

54. Zhang, J. V., Ren, P. G., Avsian-Kretchmer, O., et al. Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin’s effects on food intake. Science, 2005, 310, s. 996–999.

55. Ozbay, Y., Aydin, S., Dagli, A. F., et al. Obestatin is present in saliva: alterations in obestatin and ghrelin le-vels of saliva and serum in ischemic heart disease. BMB Reports, 2008, 41, s. 55–61.

56. Tang, S. Q., Jiang, Q. Y., Zhang, Y. L., et al. Obestatin: iots physiochemical characteristics and physiological functions. Peptides, 2008, 29, s. 639–645.

57. Aydin, S., Ozkan, Z., Erman, F. et al. Presence of obestatin in breast milk: relationship among obestatin, ghrelin, and leptin in lactating women. Nutrition, 2008, 24, s. 689–693.

58. Backeljauw, P., Bang, P., Clayton, P. E., et al. Dia-gnosis and management of primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency: current perspectives and clinical update. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Rev., 2010, 7, s. 154-171.

59. Duan, C., Ren, H., Gao, S. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF receptors, and IGF-binding proteins: roles in skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. Gen Comp. Endocrinol., 2010, 167, s. 344-351.

60. Baxter, R. C., Zaltsman, Z., Turtle, J. R. Immunorea-ctive somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I and its binding protein in human milk. J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1984, 58, s. 955–959.

61. Elmlinger, M. W., Hochhaus, F., Loui, A. et al. Insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in early milk from mothers of preterm and term infants. Horm. Res, 2007, 68, s. 124–131.

62. Storch, J., McDermott, L. Structural and functional analysis of fatty acid-binding proteins. J Lipid Res., 2009, 50, s. S126-131.

63. Schroeder, F., Petrescu, A. D., Huang, H., et al. Role of fatty acid binding proteins and long chain fatty acids in modulating nuclear receptors and gene transcription. Lipids, 2008, 43, s. 1-17.

64. Simon, I., Escote, X., Vilarrasa, N., et al. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein as a determinant of insulin sensitivity in morbid-obese women. Obesity, 2009, 17, s. 1124-1128.

65. Baar, R. A., Dingfelder, C. S., Smith, L. A., et al. Investigation of in vivo fatty acid metabolism in AFABP/aP2(-/-) mice. Am. J Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2005, 288, E187-193.

66. Whetstone, H. D., Hurley, W. L., Davis, C. L. Identification and characterization of a fatty acid binding protein in bovine mammary gland. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 1986, 85, s. 687-692.