Endometriosis in postmenopause

Česká verzia

Authors: J. Hanáček ^1,2 ; J. Drahoňovský ^1,2; Hynek Heřman ^1,2 ; M. Eminger ¹; P. Křepelka ^1,2 ; P. Velebil ^1,2; K. Macková ^1,2 ; M. Dibonová ^3,4
Authors place of work: Ústav pro péči o matku a dítě, Praha ¹; 3. lékařská fakulta UK, Praha ²; Porodnicko-gynekologická klinika LF UP a FN Olomouc ³; Gynekologicko-porodnické oddělení, Nemocnice ve Frýdku-Místku, p. o. ⁴
Published in the journal: Ceska Gynekol 2022; 87(6): 427-431
Category: Review Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/cccg2022427

Summary

In our review article, we focused on the rare topic of endometriosis in postmenopause. Endometriosis is primarily a disease of women of reproductive age. In postmenopause, atrophy of endometriosis foci usually occurs. However, recurrence or even de novo occurrence of endometriosis in postmenopause has also been described. The prevalence in postmenopause has been reported to be around 2–5%. Factors that may account for the recurrence of endometriosis are exogenously administered estrogens, self-production of estrogens in peripheral adipose tissue, or activation of aromatase in the focus of endometriosis. When hormonal therapy is required, the best results are achieved by administration of Tibolone. Risk factors for recurrence and subsequent difficulties are the extent of endometriosis, the retained uterus and adnexa. Pain was the most common symptom in 43.5% and palpable finding in 28%. Endometriotic cells are capable of proliferation, survival in an ectopic localization and metastasis to distant locations. The risk of malignant transformation is around 1% and the most common are ovarian tumors. Endometriosis-associated ovarian tumors are typically low-grade disease, histologically endometrioid or clear cell carcinomas. Diagnosis is based on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The basis of therapy for newly developed endometriosis or when symptoms associated with the risk of endometriosis appear is a surgical solution, primarily to exclude the cancerous process.

Keywords:

Endometriosis – malignancy – postmenopause – hormonal treatment

Zdroje

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