Foreign bodies in the swallowing pathways in children

Česká verzia

Authors: M. Jurovčík; L. Gernertová; P. Dytrych ; M. Bodláková; R. Katra; J. Skřivan
Authors place of work: Klinika ušní, nosní a krční 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha
Published in the journal: Čes-slov Pediat 2020; 75 (2): 52-58.
Category:

Summary

Otolaryngologist deals with foreign bodies in children quite often. This is mainly due to the presence of five easily accessible body openings in its area. Foreign bodies in the esophagus and oropharynx are potentially the most serious group and should be given extra attention. Large foreign bodies can close the larynx and cause acute life-threatening choking. Sharp foreign bodies may perforate the esophagus and, for example, batteries may cause severe burns. Chronic foreign bodies often cause serious inflammatory complications.

Correct and timely diagnosis is essential to determine treatment. It is based on anamnesis, clinical examination, imaging methods and endoscopic examination. Finding a battery in the esophagus is an indication for urgent removal. Even a minimal delay can have fatal consequences. Foreign bodies from the esophagus can be extracted using a rigid or flexible technique. The choice of method depends on the character of the department and its habits. However, because of the risk of iatrogenic damage, endoscopy should be performed by an experienced endoscopist with appropriate background.

Keywords:

foreign bodies – esophagus – children – ezofagoscopy – pharynx

Zdroje

1. Waltzman ML, Baskin M, Wypij D, et al. A randomized clinical trial of the management of esophageal coins in children. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 614–619.

2. Uyemura Mc. Foreign body ingestion in children. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72: 287–291.

3. Lin Ch, Chen AC, Tsai JD, et al. Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies in children. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2007; 23: 447–452.

4. Kay M, Wyllie R. Pediatric foreign bodies and their management. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005; 7: 212–218.

5. Fryčková A, Sobotková K, Kolejková K, et al. Cizí tělesa v ORL oblasti u dětí. Otorinolaryng a Foniat /Prague/ 2009; 58 (2): 71–78.

6. Urbanová G, Gernertová L, Katra R, et al. Poleptanie pažeráka diskovitou batériou u detí. Otorinolaryng a Foniat /Prague/ 2015; 64 (2): 87–92.

7. Gernertová L, Vicherová Urbanová G, Katra R, et al. Cizí tělesa v dolních dýchacích cestách u dětských pacientů. Otorinolaryng a Foniat/Prague/ 2017; 66 (4): 180–186.

8. Bronský J. Cizí tělesa v gastrointestinálním traktu. Čes-slov Pediat 2015; 70 (1): 46.

9. Hradský O, Jurovčík M, Bronský J, et al. Cizí těleso v gastrointestinálním traktu a současná diagnostická a terapeutická doporučení. Čes-slov Pediat 2012; 67 (4): 291–230.

10. Anfang R, Jatana R, Linn R, et al. pH-neutralizing esophageal irrigations as a novel mitigation strategy for button battery injury. NA Laryngoscope 2019; 129: 49–57.

11. Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, White S, et al. 2000 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2001; 19: 337–395.

12. Waltzman ML. Management of esophageal coins. Curr Opin Pediatr 2006; 18: 571–574.

13. Kramer RE, Lerner DG, Lin T, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: a clinical report of the NASPGHAN endoscopy committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2015; 60: 562–574.

14. Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L, et al. Emerging battery-ingestion hazard: clinical implications. Pediatrics 2010; 125: 1168–1177.

15. Litovitz T, Whitaker N, Clark L. Preventing battery ingestions: an analysis of 8648 cases. Pediatrics 2010; 125: 1178–1183.

16. Lee JH, Shim JO, Eun BL, et al. Foreign body ingestion in children: should button batteries in the stomach be urgently removed? Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2016; 19: 20–28.

17. Hussain SZ, Bousvaros A, Gilger M, et al. Management of ingested magnets in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 55: 239–242.

18. Wyllie R. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Pediatr 2006; 18: 563.

19. Waltzman ML, Baskin M, Wypij D, et al. A randomized clinical trial of the management of esophageal coins in children. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 614.

20. Athanassiadi K, Gerazounis M, Metaxas E, et al. Management of esophageal foreign bodies: a retrospective review of 400 cases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 21: 653.

21. Reilly S, Carr L. Foreign body ingestion in children with severe developmental disabilities: a case study. Dysphagia 2001; 16: 68.

22. Sharieff GQ, Brousseau TJ, Bradshaw JA, Shad JA. Acute esophageal coin ingestions: is immediate removal necessary? Pediatr Radiol 2003; 33: 859.

23. Waltzman M. Management of esophageal coins. Pediatr Emerg Care 2006; 22: 367.

24. Hwang JB, Park MH, Choi SO, et al. How strong construction toy magnets are! A gastro-gastro-duodenal fistula formation. J Pediatr Gastroentaaerol Nutr 2007; 44: 291.

25. Butterworth J, Feltis B. Toy magnet ingestion in children: revising the algorithm. J Pediatr Surg 2007; 42: 3.

26. De Roo AC, Thompson MC, Chounthirath T, et al. Rare-earth magnet ingestion-related injuries among children, 2000–2012. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2013; 52: 1006.

27. Zamora IJ, Vu LT, Larimer EL, et al. Water-absorbing balls: a „growing“ problem. Pediatrics 2012; 130: 1011.

28. Louie P, Alpern ER, Windreich RM. Witnessed and unwitnessed esophageal foreign bodies in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2005; 21: 582.

29. Peters NJ, Mahajan JK, Bawa M, et al. Esophageal perforations due to foreign body impaction in children. J Pediatr Surg 2015; 50: 1260.

30. Vospělová J, Procházka V, Tenora J, et al. Cizí tělesa v horním zažívacím traktu u dětí. Kdy indikovat endoskopickou extrakci? Pediatr praxi 2006; 5: 281–283.

31. Kim JP, Kwon OJ, Shim HS, et al. Analysis of clinical feature and management of fish bone ingestion of upper gastrointestinal tract. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 8 (3) 261–267.

32. Lešková J, Štichauer R, Preis J, et al. Cizí tělesa v GIT u dětí. Rozhl Chir 2019; 98 (9): 370–374.

33. Lázničková M, Slaný J, Spilková Z. Cizí těleso v gastrointestinálním traktu (kazuistika) a současná diagnostická a terapeutická doporučení. Čes-slov Pediat 2012; 67 (Suppl 1): 36–39.