Current options for predicting the effectiveness of systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma

1. SVOD online http://www.svod.cz/

2. Kawaciuk I. Prognóza karcinomu ledviny (2. Epidemiologie). Praha: Galén 2005.

3. Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Bacik J, et al. Survival and prognostic stratification of 670 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 2530–2540.

4. Motzer RJ, Bacik J, Murphy BA, et al. Interferon-alfa as a comparative treatment for clinical trials of new therapies against advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 289–296.

5. Ljungberg B, Cowan NC, Hanbury DC, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: the 2010 update. Eur Urol 2010; 58(3): 398–406.

6. Vyzula R, Adámková-Krákorová D, Babjuk M, et al. Modrá kniha České onkologické společnosti. 16. vydání. 2013; 103–112.

7. Molina AM, Motzer RJ. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Today and Tomorrow The Oncologist 2011; 16(Suppl 2): 45–50.

8. Heng DYC, Xie W, Regan MM, et al. Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 5794–5799.

9. Slíva J. Temsirolimus. Farmakoterapie 2008; 2: 150–151.

10. Motzer RJ, Bukowski RM, Figlin RA, et al. Prognostic nomogram for sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2008; 113: 1552–1558.

11. Karakiewicz PI, Sun M, Bellmunt J, et al. Prediction of progressionfree survival rates after bevacizumab plus interferon versus interferon alone in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: comparison of a nomogram to the Motzer criteria. Eur Urol 2011; 60: 48–56.

12. Gontero P, Sun M, Antonell A, et al. External validation of the preoperative Karakiewicz nomogram in a large multicentre series of patients with renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2013; 31: 1285–1290.

13. Yao M, Yoshida M, Kishida T, et al. VHL tumor suppressor gene alterations associated with good prognosis in sporadic clear-cell renal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 1569–1575.

14. Patard J-J, Fergelot P, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Low CAIX expression and absence of VHL gene mutation are associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 123: 395–400.

15. Schraml P, Struckmann K, Hatz F, et al. VHL mutations and their correlation with tumour cell proliferation, microvessel density, and patient prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2002; 196: 186–193.

16. Rini BI, Jaeger E, Weinberg V, et al. Clinical response to therapy targeted at vascular endothelial growth factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: impact of patient characteristics and Von Hippel-Lindau gene status. BJU Int 2006; 98: 756–762.

17. Patard JJ, Rioux-Leclercq N, Masson D, et al. Absence of VHL gene alteration and high VEGF expression are associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor survival of renal-cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2009; 101: 1417–1424.

18 Banumathy G, Cairns P. Signaling pathways in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 7: 658–664.

19. Ke Q, Costa M. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1). Mol Pharmacol 2006; 70: 1469–1480.

20. Eisengart LJ, MacVicar GR, Yang XJ. Predictors of Response to Targeted Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136: 490–495.

21. Wiesener MS, Munchenhagen PM, Berger I, et al. Constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible genes related to overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in clear cell renal carcinomas. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 5215–2522.

22. Lidgren A, Hedberg Y, Grankvist K, et al. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is a avorable independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11: 1129–1135.

23. Lidgren A, Hedberg Y, Grankvist K, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1a expression in renal cell carcinoma analyzed by tissue microarray. Eur Urol 2006; 50: 1272–1277.

24. Klatte T, Seligson DB, Riggs SB, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13: 7388–7393.

25. Patel P, Chadalavada R, Ishill N, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1a and 2a levels in cell lines and human tumor predicts response to sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2008; 26(Suppl): 5008.

26. Toschi A, Lee E, Gadir N, Ohh M, Foster DA. Differential Dependence of Hypoxia-inducible Factors 1α and 2α on mTORC1 and mTORC2. J Biol Chem 2008; 283(50): 34495–34499.

27. Gordan JD, Lal P, Dondeti VR, et al. HIF-alpha effects on c-Myc distinguish two subtypes of sporadic VHL-deficient clear cell renal carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2008; 14(6): 435–446.

28. Na X, Wu G, Ryan CK, et al. Overproduction of vascular endothelial growth factor related to von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene mutations and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression in renal cell carcinomas. J Urol 2003; 170: 588–592.

29. Paradis V, Lagha NB, Zeimoura L, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinomas. Virchows Arch 2000; 436: 351–356.

30. Rioux-Leclercq N, Fergelot P, Zerrouki S, et al. Plasma level and tissue expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study of 50 cases. Hum Pathol 2007; 38: 1489–1495.

31. Scartozzi M, Bianconi M, Faloppi L, et al. VEGF and VEGFR polymorphisms affect clinical outcome in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients receiving first-line sunitinib. Br J Cancer. 2013 Mar 19; 108(5): 1126–1132. http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511629

32. Driessen A, Landuyt W, Pastorekova S, et al. Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a hypoxia-related protein, rather than vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic factor, correlates with an extremely poor prognosis in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas. Ann Surg 2006; 243: 334–340.

33. Maseide K, Kandel R, Bell R, et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX as a marker for poor prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 4464.

34. Phuoc NB, Ehara H, Gotoh T, et al. Prognostic value of the coexpression of carbonic anhydrase IX and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2008; 20: 525–530.

35. Bui MHT, Seligson D, Han K-R, et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX is an independent predictor of survival in advanced renal clear cell carcinoma: implications for prognosis and therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9: 802–811.

36. Patard JJ, Fergelot P, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Low CAIX expression and absence of VHL gene mutation are associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 123: 395–400.

37. Choueiri TK, Regan MM, Rosenberg JE, et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX and pathological features as predictors of outcome in patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy. BJU Int 2010; 106: 772–778.

38. Pópulo H, Lopes JM, Soares P. The mTOR Signalling Pathway in Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13: 1886–1918.

39. Chaux A, Schultz L, Albadine R, et al. Immunoexpression status and prognostic value of mammalian target of rapamycin and hypoxia-induced pathway members in papillary cell renal cell carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2012; 43(12): 2129–2137.

40. Schultz L, Chaux A, Albadine R, Hicks J, et al. Immunoexpression status and prognostic value of mTOR and hypoxia-induced pathway members in primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2011; 35(10): 1549–1556.

41. Pantuck AJ, Seligson DB, Klatte T, et al. Prognostic relevance of the mTOR pathway in renal cell carcinoma: implications for molecular patient selection for targeted therapy. Cancer 2007; 109: 2257–2267.

42. Cho D, Signoretti S, Dabora S, et al. Potential histologic and molecular predictors of response to temsirolimus in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Rev 2007; 1: 85–91.

43. Youssif T, Tanguay S, Alam-Fahmy M, Koumakpayi I, Sircar K. Expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in renal cell carcinoma metastases: correlation with pathologic findings and survival. J Urol 2008; 179(4 Suppl): 210.

44. Velickovic M, Delahunt B, McIver B, Grebe SK. Intragenic PTEN/MMAC1 loss of heterozygosity in conventional (clear-cell) renal cell carcinoma is associated with poor patient prognosis. Mod Pathol 2002; 15: 479–485.

45. Merseburger AS, Hennenlotter J, Kuehs U, et al. Activation of PI3K is associated with reduced survival in renal cell carcinoma. Urol Int 2008; 80(4): 372–377.

46. Figlin RA, de Souza P, McDermott D, et al. Analysis of PTEN and HIF-1alpha and correlation with efficacy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with temsirolimus versus interferon-alpha. Cancer 2009; 115(16): 3651–3660.

47. Paule B, Bastien L, Deslandes E, et al. Soluble Isoforms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Predictors of Response to Sunitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas. PLoS ONE 2010; 5(5): e10715.

48. Niers TMH, Richel DJ, Meijers JCM, Schlingemann RO. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Circulation in Cancer Patients May Not Be a Relevant Biomarker. PLoS ONE 2011; 6(5): e19873.

49. Závada J, Závadová Z, Zaťovicová M, et al. Soluble form of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) in the serum and urine of renal carcinoma patients. Br J Cancer 2003; 89: 1067–1071.

50. Zhou GX, Ireland J, Rayman P, et al. Quantification of carbonic anhydrase IX expression in serum and tissue of renal cell carcinoma patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: prognostic and diagnostic potentials. Urology 2010; 75: 257–261.

51. Li G, Feng G, Gentil-Perret A, et al. Serum carbonic anhydrase 9 level is associated with postoperative recurrence of conventional renal cell cancer. J Urol 2008; 180: 510–513, discussion 513–514.

52. Porta C, Paglino C, De Amici M, et al. Predictive value of baseline serum vascular endothelial growth factor and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in advanced kidney cancer patients receiving sunitinib. Kidney Int 2010; 77: 809–815.

53. Barresi V, Ieni A, Bolignano D, et al. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin immunoexpression in renal tumors: correlation with histotype andhistological grade. Oncol Rep 2010; 24(2): 305–310.

54. Steffens S, Köhler A, Rudolph R, et al. Validation of CRP as prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma in a large series of patients. BMC Cancer 2012; 12: 399.

55. Motzer RJ, Bukowski RM, Figlin RA, et al. Prognostic nomogram for sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2008; 113: 1552–1558.

56. Choueiri TK, Garcia JA, Elson P, et al. Clinical factors associated with outcome in patients withmetastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapy. Cancer 2007; 110: 543–550.

57. Brookman-May S, May M, Ficarra V, et al. Does preoperative platelet count and thrombocytosis play a prognostic role in patients undergoing nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma? Results of a comprehensive retrospective series. World J Urol 2013; 31(5): 1309–1316. doi: 10.1007/s00345-012-0931-0. Epub 19. 8. 2012.

58. Mancuso P, Burlini A, Pruneri G, et al. Resting and activated endothelial cells are increased in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Blood 2001; 97: 3658–3661.

59. Ronzoni M, Manzoni M, Mariucci S, et al. Circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitors as predictive markers of clinical response to bevacizumab-based first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Ann. Oncol 2010; 21: 2382–2389.

60. Gruenwald V, Beutel G, Schuch-Jantsch S, et al. Circulating endothelial cells arean early predictor in renal cell carcinoma for tumor response to sunitinib. BMC Cancer 2010; 10: 695.

61. Farace F, Massard C, Borghi E, Bidart JM, Soria JC. Vascular disrupting therapy-induced mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Ann Oncol 2007; 18: 1421–1422.

62. Farace F, Gross-Goupil M, Tournay E, et al. Levels of circulating CD45dim, CD34+, VEGFR2+ progenitor cells correlate with outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. B J Cancer 2011; 104(7): 1144–1150.

63. Kaya K, Ayan S, Gokce G, et al. Urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 for diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2005; 39: 25–29.

64. Morrissey JJ, London AN, Luo J, Kharasch ED. Urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of kidney cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85(5): 413hler421.

65. Rini BI, Cohen DP, Lu DR, et al. Hypertension as a biomarker of efficacy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sunitinib. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103(9): 763–773.

66. Nathan P, Vinayan A. Imaging techniques as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2013; 5(2): 119–131.

67. Branžovský J, Martínek P, Baulet K, et al. Využití molekulární genetiky v diferenciální diagnostice nádorů ledvin (The usage of molecular genetics in differential diagnosis of renal tumours). Ces Urol 2012; 16(4): 214–221.

68. Steiner P, Hora M, Stehlik P, et al. Tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma: is there a rational reason for targeted therapy using angiogenic inhibition? Analysis of seven cases. Virchows Arch 2013; 462(2): 183–192.

69. Gerlinger M, Rowan AJ, Horswell S, et al. Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 883–892.