News in the classification of pulmonary adenocarcinomas and potential prognostic and predictive factors in non-small lung cancer
Authors:
Škarda J.ihash2ihash4ihash6 1 1 1 2
Authors place of work:
Ústav klinické a molekulární patologie a Laboratoř molekulární patologie LF UP a FN Olomouc, Oddělení patologie a molekulární medicíny, Fakultní Thomayerova nemocnice s poliklinikou, Praha
1
Published in the journal:
Čes.-slov. Patol., 47, 2011, No. 4, p. 168-172
Category:
Reviews Article
Summary
Lung cancers are still divided into two major subgroups:
small-cell and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) irrespective of biological heterogeneity of NSCLC. It is a key task of the pathologist to provide an accurate classification of tumorous lesions to avoid the term NSCLC and to use it only in the vast minority of cases. Moreover, the most recent reclassification of pulmonary adenocarcinomas should be reflected in the standard biopsy protocol reporting. There is also an increasingly urgent need to provide high quality material for testing of the genetic characteristics of NSCLC, especially the presence and functional status of the EGFR receptor (epidermal growth factor receptor), as well as other potential prognostic markers. The requirement for the quality and swiftness of diagnosis puts major emphasis on the close multidisciplinary collaboration with the central role of a specialized pathologist, who coordinates the differential-diagnostic procedure. This in turn implies the necessity of accounting for the increasing financial burden of diagnostic departments.
Keywords:
lung cancer – adenocarcinoma – classification – prognostic factors – EGFR
Zdroje
1. Boyle P, Levin B. World Cancer Report 2008. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008.
2. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 2005; 55: 74–108.
3. Travis WD, Colby TV, Corrin B, et al. Histological Typing of Lung and Pleural Tumors. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
4. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK, et al. Pathology and Genetics. Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004.
5. Shah PL, Singh S, Bower M, et al. The role of transbronchial fine needle aspiration in an integrated care pathway for the assessment of patients with suspected lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2006; 1: 324–327.
6. Cataluna JJ, Perpina M, Greses JV, et al. Cell type accuracy of bronchial biopsy specimens in primary lung cancer. Chest 1996; 109: 1199–1203.
7. Koike T, Togashi K, Shirato T, et al. Limited resection for noninvasive bronchioloalveolar carcinoma diagnosed by intraoperative pathologic examination. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88: 1106–1111.
8. Noguchi M, Morikawa A, Kawasaki M, et al. Small adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histologic characteristics and prognosis. Cancer 1995; 75: 2844–2852.
9. Borczuk AC, Qian F, Kazeros A, et al. Invasive size is an independent predictor of survival in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2009; 33: 462–469.
10. Yim J, Zhu LC, Chiriboga L, et al. Histologic features are importantprognostic indicators in early stages lung adenocarcinomas. Mod Pathol 2007; 20: 233–241.
11. Motoi N, Szoke J, Riely GJ, et al. Lung adenocarcinoma: modification of the 2004 WHO mixed subtype to include the major histologic subtype suggests correlations between papillary and micropapillary adenocarcinoma subtypes, EGFR mutations and gene expression analysis. Am J Surg Pathol 2008; 32: 810–827.
12. Goldstein NS, Mani A, Chmielewski G, et al. Prognostic factors in T1 NO MO adenocarcinomas and bronchioloalveolar carcinomas of thelung. Am J Clin Pathol 1999; 112: 391–402.
13. Clayton F. Bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Cell types, patterns of growth, and prognostic correlates. Cancer 1986; 57: 1555–1564.
14. Manning JT Jr, Spjut HJ, Tschen JA. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma Br J Cancer: the significance of two histopathologic types. Cancer 1984; 54: 525–534.
15. Goldstein NS, Thomas M. Mucinous and nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinomas have distinct staining patterns with toroid transcription factor and cytokeratin 20 antibodies. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116: 319–325.
16. Travis WD, Rekhtman N, Riley GJ, et al. Pathologic diagnosis of advanced lung cancer based on small biopsies and cytology: a paradigma shift. J Thorac Oncol 2010; 5: 411–414.
17. Travis WD et al. International association for the study of lung cancer/american thoracic society/European respiratory society international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2011; 6(2): 244–288.
18. Rodig SJ, Mino-Kenudson M, Dacic S, et al. Unique clinicopathologic features characterize ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma in the western population. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15: 5216–5223.
19. Shaw AT, Yeap BY, Mino-Kenudson M, et al. Clinical features and outcome of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who harbor EML4- ALK. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 4247–4253.
20. Takahashi T, Sonobe M, Kobayashi M, et al. Clinicopathologic features of non-small-cell lung cancer with EML4-ALK fusion gene. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17: 889–897.
21. Inamura K, Takeuchi K, Togashi Y, et al. EML4-ALK lung cancers are characterized by rare other mutations, a TTF-1 cell lineage, an acinar histology, and young onset. Mod Pathol 2009; 22: 508–515.
22. Nakatani Y, Kitamura H, Inayama Y, et al. Pulmonary adenocarcinomas of the fetal lung type: a clinicopathologic study indicating differences in histology, epidemiology, and natural history of low -grade and high-grade forms. Am J Surg Pathol 1998; 22: 399–411.
23. Inamura K, Takeuchi K, Togashi Y, et al. EML4-ALK fusion is linked to histological characteristics in a subset of lung cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 3: 13–17.
24. Yoshida A, Tsuta K, Watanabe SI, et al. Frequent ALK rearrangement and TTF-1/p63 co-expression in lung adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell component. Lung Cancer. In press 2011.
25. Wong DW, Leung EL, So KK, et al. The EML4-ALK fusion gene is involved in various histologic types of lung cancers from nonsmokers with wild-type EGFR and KRAS. Cancer 2009; 115: 1723–1733.
26. Choi YL, Soda M, Yamashita Y, et al. EML4-ALK mutations in lung cancer that confer resistance to ALK inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1734–1739.
27. Meert AP, Martin B, Mitsudomi T, et al. Prognostic significance of p53 alterations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a metaanalysis. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6: 4055–4063.
28. Berghmans T, Paesmans M, Mascaux C, et al. Thyroid transcription factor 1- a new prognostic factor in lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2006; 17: 1673–1676.
29. Mascaux C, Iannino N, Martin B, et al. The role of RAS oncogene in survival of patients with lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2005; 92: 131–139.
30. Nakamura H, Kawasaki N, Taguchi M, et al. Association of HER-2 overexpression with prognosis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: a metaanalysis. Cancer 2005; 103: 1865–1873.
31. Steels E, Paesmans M, Berghmans T, et al. Role of p53 as a prognostic factor for survival in lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2001; 18: 705–719.
32. Martin B, Paesmans M, Mascaux C, et al. Ki-67 expression and patients survival in lung cancer: systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2004; 91: 2018–2025.
33. Martin B, Paesmans M, Berghmans T, et al. Role of Bcl-2 as a prognostic factor for survival in lung cancer: a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2003; 89: 55–64.
34. Mascaux C, Martin B, Paesmans M, et al. Has Cox-2 a prognostic role in non-small-cell lung cancer? A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis of the survival results. Br J Cancer 2006; 95: 139–145.
35. Kondo Y, Kanzawa T, Sawaya R, Kondo S. The role of autophagy in cancer development in response to therapy. Nature Cancer 2005; 5: 726–733.
36. Sivridis E, Koukourakis MI, Zois CE, et al. LC3A-positive light microscopy detected patterns of autophagy and prognosis in operable breast carcinomas. Am J Pathol 2010; 176: 2477–2489.
37. Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, Harris AL, Polychronidis A, Gatter KC, Sivridis E. Prognostic relevance of light chain 3 (LC3A) autophagy pattern in colorectal adenocarcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2010; 63: 867–872.
38. Karpathiou G, Sivridis E, Koukourakis M, Mikroulis M, Bouros D, Froudarakis, et al. LC3SA autophagic activity and prognostic signifikance in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Chest 2011. In press.
39. Giatromanolaki A, Koukourakis MI, Sowter HM, Sivridis E, Gibbson S, Gatter KC, et al. BNIP3 expression In Linked with hypoxia-Regulated protein Expression and with Poor Prognosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Canc Res 2004; 10: 5566–5571.
40. Überall I, Kolek V, Klein J, et al. The immunohistochemical expression of BNIP3 protein in non-small-cell lung cancer: a tissue microarray study. APMIS 2010; 118: 565–570.
Štítky
Anatomical pathology Forensic medical examiner ToxicologyČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Czecho-Slovak Pathology
2011 Číslo 4
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Carney complex
- Predictive diagnosis of HER2 in gastric adenocarcinoma
- Giant cutaneous basal cell carcinoma of the head with intracranial propagation – a case report
- Acatholytic Variant of Squamous Carcinoma of the Breast. A Case Report and Review of Literature