Antibiotics resistance and importance of the horizontal transmission of genetic information
Authors:
V. Bencko 1; P. Šíma 2
Authors place of work:
Ústav hygieny a epidemiologie 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha, Přednosta: prof. MUDr. Milan Tuček, CSc.
1; Mikrobiologický ústav, v. v. i. AV ČR, Praha Laboratoř imunoterapie Vedoucí: Dr. Luca Vannucci, M. D., PhD.
2
Published in the journal:
Prakt. Lék. 2018; 98(5): 195-199
Category:
Reviews
Summary
Antibiotic resistance today is a global problem of health care service. Not only does the number of diseases caused by resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria increase, but also the cost of treatment increases disproportionately, the length of hospitalization is prolonged, and mortality is often rising. Therefore, when indicating antibiotic therapy, it is important to keep in mind that both overuse and abuse of antibiotics contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. This is equally true for antibiotic applications in veterinary medicine, agriculture, including aquacultures, or in the food industry.
Genetic information is in prokaryotes transmitted as well horizontally (laterally), by direct exchange of genetic material across species barriers in which the exchange of genes or whole gene segments by horizontal transmission is quite common. They can dynamically and in a relatively short time generate highly diverse genomes, which does not allow the vertical transmission. As a result, prokaryotes can rapidly acquire new properties such as virulence and pathogenicity, as well as resistance to toxins, including antibiotics, by which they increase their adaptability. Therefore, reinfection-resistant microorganisms are always more difficult to treat than infections caused by non-resistant bacteria.
Keywords:
horizontal transmission of genetic information – antibiotic resistance – risks of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance – prevention of antibiotic resistance
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