The transplantation of the stem cells in cardiology

Česká verzia

Authors: R. Panovský; V. Kincl; J. Meluzín
Authors place of work: I. interní kardio-angiologická klinika Lékařské fakulty MU a FN u sv. Anny, Brno, přednosta prof. MUDr. Jiří Vítovec, CSc., FESC
Published in the journal: Vnitř Lék 2005; 51(4): 450-456
Category: Reviews

Summary

The transplantation of stem cells for the patients with cardiac diseases is relatively new method. The using of autological mononuclear cells of bone marrow appears as a brightest possibility. After application of the cells into myocardium man can expect an improvement of a left chamber myocardial function and perfusion – by differentiation of implanted cells parts into myocytes and new capillaries making cells. Besides an improvement of eject fraction we can see the positive effect of the bone marrow cells transplantation to the remodelation of left chamber with a thicker side of scar, an improvement of scar elasticity and a prevention of chamber dilatation. Also we can see an improvement of heart failure symptoms and myocardial ischemia. On histological level it is detected less apoptosis and hypertrophy of myocytes in peri-infarct zone, a reduction of collagen, higher density of capillaries and large amount of via-myocardium. Besides great optimism with setting up of the method there is a lot of problems and questions to carry over. Meanwhile we do not know the time of transplanted cells surviving. Also there is not assurance if it is better to apply non-differentiated cells immediately after their separation or if it is better to multiply them „in vitro“ before or to multiply them in cardiomyocyt and only then to apply them into myocardium. Permanently we find an ideal process of the cells application into myocardium. The important question is also an amount of cells, which is needed for the implantation – for example into an infarct centre for the reason of effective and complete regeneration of damaging tissue. It is sure it will have to be exerted still more and more human powers and financial resources to the confirmation if the method of stem cells transplantation can fill our future expectations and what actual way can reach a maximal effect.

Key words:
stem cells – cell transplantation – heart failure

Zdroje

1. Anderson DJ, Gage FH, Weissman IL. Can stem cells cross lineage boundaries? Nat Med 2001; 7 (4): 393–395

2. Assmus B, Schächinger V, Teupe C. Et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE–AMI). Circulation 2002; 106: 3009–3017.

3. Bel A, Messas E, Agbulut O et al. Transplantation of autologous fresh bone marrow into infarcted myocardium: a word of caution. Circulation 2003; 108(Suppl II): II-247–II-252.

4. Beltrami AP, Urbanek K, Kajstura J et al. Evidence that human cardiac myocytes divide after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2001; 344(23): 1750–1757.

5. Blau HM, Brazelton TR, Weimann JM. The evolving concept of a stem cell: entity or function? Cell 2001; 105: 829–841.

6. Britten MB, Abolmaali ND, Assmus B et al. Infarct remodeling after intracoronary progenitor cell treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE-AMI): Mechanistic insights from serial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2003; 108(18): 2212–2218.

7. Condorelli G, Borello U, De Angelis L et al. Cardiomyocytes induce endothelial cells to trans-differentiate into cardiac muscle: implications for myocardium regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98(19): 10733–10738.

8. Damme A, Van den Driessche T, Collen D et al. Bone marrow stromal cells as targets for gene therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2002; 2: 195–209.

9. Fabián J, Goncalvesová E. Prehĺad klinických skúseností s bunkovou liečbou srdcového zlyhania a infarktu myokardu. Interv Akut Kardiol 2004; 3: 70–73.

10. Fuchs S, Satler LF, Kornowski R et al. Catheter-based autologous bone marrow myocardial injection in no-option patients with advanced coronary artery disease. A feasibility study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41(10): 1721–1724.

11. Goodell MA, Jackson KA, Majka SM et al. Stem cell plasticity in muscle and bone marrow. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001; 938: 208–218.

12. Hamano K, Nishida M, Hirata K et al. Local implantation of autologous bone marrow cells for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with ischemic heart disease. Clinical trial and preliminary results. Jpn Circ J 2001; 65: 845–847.

13. Hassink RJ, Brutel de la Riviere A, Mummery CL et al. Transplantation of cells for cardiac repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41(5): 711–717.

14. Herreros J, Prósper F, Perez A et al. Autologous intramyocardial injection of cultured skeletal muscle- derived stem cells in patients with non-acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 2012–2020.

15. Chiu RCJ, Zibaitis A, Kao RL. Cellular cardiomyoplasty: myocardial regeneration with satellite cell implantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60: 12–18.

16. Kamihata H, Matsubara H, Nishiue T et al. Improvement of collateral perfusion and regional function by implantation of peripheral blood mononuclaer cells into ischemic hibernating myocardium. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 1804–1810.

17. Kehat I, Kenyagin–Karsenti D, Snir Met al. Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 2001; 108(3): 407–414.

18. Kocher AA, Schuster MD, Szabolcs MJ et al. Neovascularization of ischemic myocardium by human bone-marrowderived angioblasts prevents cardiomyocytes apoptosis, reduces remodeling and improves cardiac function. Nat Med 2001; 7(4): 430–436.

19. Krause DS, Thiese ND, Collector MI et al. Multi-organ, multi-lineage engraftment by a single bone marrow-derived stem cell. Cell 2001; 105: 369–377.

20. Li RK, Mickle DAG, Weisel RD et al. Optimal time for cardiomyocyte transplantation to maximize myocardial function after left ventricular injury. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72: 1957–1963.

21. Makino S, Fukuda K, Miyoshi S et al. Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 1999; 103: 697–705.

22. Menasché P, Hagége AA, Scorsin M et al. Myoblast transplantation for heart failure. Lancet 2001; 357: 279–280.

23. Menasché P, Hagége AA, Vilquin JT et al. Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation for severe postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 1078–1083.

24. Murry CE, Reinecke H. How can cellular grafts be kept alive and synchronized with the rest of the heart? Dialogues Cardiovasc Med 2003; 8(3): 143–147.

25. Nadal-Ginard B, Kajstura J, Leri A et al. Myocyte death, growth, and regeneration in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Circ Res 2003; 92(2): 139–150.

26. Orlic D, Kajstura J, Chimenti S et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infracted myocardium. Nature 2001; 410: 701–705.

27. Pagani F, Der Simonian R, Zawadska A et al. Autologous skeletal myoblasts transplanted ti ischemia damaged myocardium in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 879–888.

28. Pěnička M, Widimský P, Kobylka P et al. Transplantace autologních kmenových buněk kostní dřeně po akutním infarktu myokardu, způsobeném uzávěrem kmene levé věnčité tepny. Cor Vasa 2003; 45(9): 465–468.

29. Perin EC, Dohmann HFR, Borojevic R et al. Transendocardial, autologous bone marrow cell transplantation for severe, chronic ischemic heart failure. Circulation 2003; 107: 2294–2302.

30. Rafii S, Lyden D. Therapeutic stem and progenitor cell transplantation for organ vascularization and regeneration. Nat Med 2003; 9(6): 702–712.

31. Reubinoff BE, Pera MF, Fong CY et al. Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts: somatic differentiation in vitro. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18: 399–404.

32. Sakai T, Li RK, Weisel RD et al. Autologous heart cell transplantation improves cardiac function after myocardial injury. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68: 1074–1081.

33. Scorsin M, Hagége A, Vilquin JT et al. Comparison of the effects of fetal cardiomyocytes and skeletal myoblast transplantation on postinfarction left ventricular function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119: 1169–1175.

34. Schwartz Y, Kornowski R. Progenitor and embryonic stem cell transplantation for myocardial angiogenesis and functional and functional restoration. Eur Heart J 2003; 24: 404–411.

35. Silva SA, Dohmann HFR, Perin EC et al. Immediate and short-term safety of catheter-based autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell implantation in patients with severe ischaemic heart failure. Abstr Eur J Heart Failure 2003; Suppl 2(1): 137–138.

36. Siminiak T, Kalawski R, Jerzykowska O et al. Transplantation of autologous skeletal myoblasts in the treatment of patients with postinfarction heart failure – One year experience. Eur J Heart Failure Suppl 2004; 3(1): 123.

37. Smits PC, van Geuns RJM, Poldermans D et al. Catheter-based intramyocardial injection of autologous skeletal myoblasts as a primary treatment of ischemic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42: 2063–2069.

38. Stamm C, Westphal B, Kleine HD et al. Autologous bone-marrow stem-cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration. Lancet 2003; 361: 45–46.

39. Stanworth SJ, Newland AC. Stem cells: progress in research and edging towards the clinical setting. Clin Med 2001; 1(5): 378–382.

40. Strauer BE, Brehm M, Zeus T et al. Intracoronare, humane autologe stammzelltransplantation zur myokardregeneration nach herzinfarkt. Dtsch Med Wschr 2001; 126: 932–938.

41. Strauer BE, Brehm M, Zeus T et al. Repair of infarcted myocardium by autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in humans. Circulation 2002; 106: 1913–1918.

42. Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS et al. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 1998; 282: 1145–1147.

43. Tomita S, Mickle DA, Weisel RD et al. Improved heart function with myogenesis and angiogenesis after autologous porcine bone marrow stromal cell transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 123: 1132–1140.

44. Tse HF, Kwong YL, Chan JKF et al. Angiogenesis in ischaemic myocardium by intramyocardial autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell implantation. Lancet 2003; 361: 47–49.

45. Van Meter CH, Claycomb WC, Delcarpio JB et al. Myoblast transplantation in the porcine model: a potential technique for myocardial repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 110: 1442–1448.

46. Verfaillie CM. Can human hematopoietic stem cells be cultured ex vivo? Stem Cells 1994; 12: 466–476.

47. Zhang M, Methot D, Poppa V et al. Cardiomyocyte grafting for cardiac repair: graft cell death and anti-death strategies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2001; 33: 907–921.