Biomarker GDF-15 in cardiology

Česká verzia

Authors: Štěpán Havránek; Josef Marek
Authors place of work: II. interní klinika – klinika kardiologie a angiologie 1. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, a Všeobecné fakultní nemocnice v Praze
Published in the journal: Vnitř Lék 2021; 67(E-3): 11-14
Category: Review Articles

Summary

GDF-15 (Growth differentiation factor 15) is a protein synthesised in some tissues including liver, kidney, heart, or lung. GDF-15 a stress-responsive cytokine. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk and disease burden. GDF-15 is linked to the incidence and prognosis of heart failure. In acute coronary syndromes GDF-15 identifies risk of complications including bleeding, reinfarction, development of heart failure or mortality. In patients with atrial fibrillation, GDF-15 is a potent marker of bleeding adverse events in anticoagulated patients and a predictor of overall mortality. Role of GDF-15 in cardiology is not definitively constituted.

Keywords:

GDF-15 – biomarker – heart failure – coronary artery disease – atrial fibrillation

Zdroje

1. Zimmers TA, Jin X, Hsiao EC et al. Growth differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 induction after kidney and lung injury. Shock. 2005; 23(6): 543–548.

2. Mullican SE, Lin-Schmidt X, Chin CN et al. GFRAL is the receptor for GDF15 and the ligand promotes weight loss in mice and nonhuman primates. Nat Med. 2017; 23(10): 1150–1157.

3. Kempf T, Horn-Wichmann R, Brabant G et al. Circulating concentrations of growth-differentiation factor 15 in apparently healthy elderly individuals and patients with chronic heart failure as assessed by a new immunoradiometric sandwich assay. Clin Chem. 2007; 53(2): 284–291.

4. Wollert KC, Kempf T. Growth differentiation factor 15 in heart failure: an update. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2012; 9(4): 337–345.

5. Galenko O, Jacobs V, Knight S et al. Circulating Levels of Biomarkers of Cerebral Injury in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2019; 124(11): 1697–700.

6. Bonaca MP, Morrow DA, Braunwald E et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 and risk of recurrent events in patients stabilized after acute coronary syndrome: observations from PROVE IT-TIMI 22. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011; 31(1): 203–210.

7. Ahmad T, Wang T, O’Brien EC et al. Effects of left ventricular assist device support on biomarkers of cardiovascular stress, fibrosis, fluid homeostasis, inflammation, and renal injury. JACC Heart Fail. 2015; 3(1): 30–39.

8. Lok SI, Winkens B, Goldschmeding R et al. Circulating growth differentiation factor-15 correlates with myocardial fibrosis in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and decreases rapidly after left ventricular assist device support. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012; 14(11): 1249–1256.

9. Jirak P, Pistulli R, Lichtenauer M et al. Expression of the Novel Cardiac Biomarkers sST2, GDF-15, suPAR, and H-FABP in HFpEF Patients Compared to ICM, DCM, and Controls. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(4).

10. Santema BT, Chan MMY, Tromp J et al. The influence of atrial fibrillation on the levels of NT-proBNP versus GDF-15 in patients with heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020; 109(3): 331–338.

11. Sharma A, Stevens SR, Lucas J et al. Utility of Growth Differentiation Factor-15, A Marker of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, in Chronic Heart Failure: Insights From the HF- -ACTION Study. JACC Heart Fail. 2017; 5(10): 724–734.

12. Bouabdallaoui N, Claggett B, Zile MR et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 is not modified by sacubitril/valsartan and is an independent marker of risk in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: the PARADIGM-HF trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018; 20(12): 1701–1709.

13. Cotter G, Voors AA, Prescott MF et al. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) in patients admitted for acute heart failure: results from the RELAX-AHF study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015; 17(11): 1133–1143.

14. Anand IS, Kempf T, Rector TS et al. Serial measurement of growth-differentiation factor-15 in heart failure: relation to disease severity and prognosis in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial. Circulation. 2010; 122(14): 1387–1395.

15. Sunman H, Canpolat U, Yorgun H et al. Association between reverse electrical remodeling and cardiac fibrosis markers in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2018; 46(2): 84–91.

16. Foley PW, Stegemann B, Ng K et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 predicts mortality and morbidity after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2009; 30(22): 2749–2757.

17. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2020.

18. Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Lindback J et al. The novel biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history)-bleeding risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation: a derivation and validation study. Lancet. 2016; 387(10035): 2302–2311.

19. Esteve-Pastor MA, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Roldan V et al. Long-term bleeding risk prediction in ‘real world’ patients with atrial fibrillation: Comparison of the HAS-BLED and ABC-Bleeding risk scores. The Murcia Atrial Fibrillation Project. Thromb Haemost. 2017; 117(10): 1848–1858.

20. Wallentin L, Lopes RD, Hanna M et al. Efficacy and safety of apixaban compared with warfarin at different levels of predicted international normalized ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2013; 127(22): 2166–2176.

21. Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009; 361(12): 1139–1151.

22. Berg DD, Ruff CT, Jarolim P et al. Performance of the ABC Scores for Assessing the Risk of Stroke or Systemic Embolism and Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48. Circulation. 2019; 139(6): 760–771.

23. Esteve-Pastor MA, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Shantsila A et al. Assessing Bleeding Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Comparing a Bleeding Risk Score Based Only on Modifiable Bleeding Risk Factors against the HAS-BLED Score. The AMADEUS Trial. Thromb Haemost. 2017; 117(12): 2261–2266.

24. Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Lindback J et al. A biomarker-based risk score to predict death in patients with atrial fibrillation: the ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history) death risk score. Eur Heart J. 2018; 39(6): 477–485.

25. Kempf T, Bjorklund E, Olofsson S et al. Growth-differentiation factor-15 improves risk stratification in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28(23): 2858–2865.

26. Wallentin L, Lindholm D, Siegbahn A et al. Biomarkers in relation to the effects of ticagrelor in comparison with clopidogrel in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients managed with or without in-hospital revascularization: a substudy from the Prospective Randomized Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Circulation. 2014; 129(3): 293–303.

27. Wallentin L, Lindhagen L, Arnstrom E et al. Early invasive versus non-invasive treatment in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (FRISC-II): 15 year follow-up of a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Lancet. 2016; 388(10054): 1903–1911.

28. Wollert KC, Kempf T, Peter T et al. Prognostic value of growth-differentiation factor-15 in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2007; 115(8): 962–971.

29. Widera C, Pencina MJ, Bobadilla M et al. Incremental prognostic value of biomarkers beyond the GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) score and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chem. 2013; 59(10): 1497–1505.

30. Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E et al. Effects of ranolazine on recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized trial. JAMA. 2007; 297(16): 1775–1783.

31. Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2020.

32. Kahli A, Guenancia C, Zeller M et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels are associated with cardiac and renal injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass. PLoS One. 2014; 9(8): e105759.

33. Munk PS, Valborgland T, Butt N, Larsen AI. Response of growth differentiation factor-15 to percutaneous coronary intervention and regular exercise training. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2011; 45(1): 27–32.