Immune response to vaccination in the elderly
Authors:
Ivan Šterzl 1; Karolína Absolonová 1; Anna Fišerová 2,3
Authors place of work:
Endokrinologický ústav, Oddělení klinické imunoendokrinologie, Praha
1; Mikrobiologický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i., Praha
2; APIGENEX, s. r. o., Praha
3
Published in the journal:
Vnitř Lék 2021; 67(E-8): 14-18
Category:
Review Articles
Summary
The immune system develops from childhood until the late age. Each of these periods has its own specialities. Aging is typical for immunity, depending on the conversion of hematogenous bone marrow to adipose, involution of the thymus and persistent viral infections (e.g. CMV). In the elderly, whose numbers have been increasing in recent decades, there is a need to understand the changes in the immune system also called as immunosenescence. The substantial remodeling of the immune system during aging leads to a decline in its functional activity in both innate (complement, cytokines, granulocytes, NK cells, macrophages) and adaptive immunity (B lymphocytes and antibody production, T lymphocytes, cytokine production and cytotoxic response, NKT cells, regulatory T lymphocytes with suppressor activity) with advancing age, resulting in increased risk of chronic diseases, infections, autoimmunity and vaccination failure.
Keywords:
immunosenescence – adaptive and innate immunity – vaccination of the elderly
Zdroje
1. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/423). United Nations: New York (NY) 2019. ISBN 978-92-1-148316-1.
2. Pereira B, Xu XN, Akbar AN. Targeting Inflammation and Immunosenescence to Improve Vaccine Responses in the Elderly. Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 14; 11: 583019.
3. Wertheimer AM, Bennett MS, Park B et al. Aging and cytomegalovirus infection differentially and jointly affect distinct circulating T cell subsets in humans. J Immunol. 2014 Mar 1; 192(5): 2143–2155.
4. Xu W, Wong G, Hwang YY et al. The untwining of immunosenescence and aging. Semin Immunopathol. 2020 Oct; 42(5): 559–572.
5. Wagner A, Weinberger B. Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases in the Older Population: Immunological Challenges and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol. 2020 Apr 23; 11: 717.
6. Oh SJ, Lee JK, Shin OS. Aging and the Immune System: the Impact of Immunosenescence on Viral Infection, Immunity and Vaccine Immunogenicity. Immune Netw. 2019 Dec; 19(6): e37.
7. Ciabattini A, Nardini C, Santoro F et al. Vaccination in the elderly: The challenge of immune changes with aging. Semin Immunol. 2018 Dec; 40: 83–94.
8. Mildner A, Jung S. Development and function of dendritic cell subsets. Immunity. 2014 May 15; 40(5): 642–656.
9. Almeida‑Oliveira A, Smith‑Carvalho M, Porto LC et al. Age‑related changes in natural killer cell receptors from childhood through old age. Hum Immunol. 2011 Apr; 72(4): 319–329.
10. Duggal NA. Reversing the immune ageing clock: lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Biogerontology. 2018 Dec; 19(6): 481–496.
11. Koch S, Larbi A, Derhovanessian E et al. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets in young and old people. Immun Ageing. 2008 Jul 25; 5: 6.
12. Goodier MR, Jonjić S, Riley EM et al. CMV and natural killer cells: shaping the response to vaccination. Eur J Immunol. 2018 Jan; 48(1): 50–65.
13. Oh JZ, Ravindran R, Chassaing B et al. TLR5-mediated sensing of gut microbiota is necessary for antibody responses to seasonal influenza vaccination. Immunity. 2014 Sep 18; 41(3): 478–492.
14. Suaya JA, Jiang Q, Scott DA et al. Post hoc analysis of the efficacy of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against vaccine‑type community‑acquired pneumonia in at‑risk older adults. Vaccine. 2018 Mar 7; 36(11): 1477–1483.
15. Merani S, Kuchel GA, Kleppinger A et al. Influenza vaccinemediated protection in older adults: impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage. Exp Gerontol. 2018 Jul 1; 107: 116–125.
16. Weinberg A, Lazar AA, Zerbe GO et al. Influence of age and nature of primary infection on varicella‑zoster virus‑specific cell‑mediated immune responses. J Infect, DiS. 2010 Apr 1; 201(7): 1024–1030.
17. Drijkoningen JJC, Rohde GGU. Pneumococcal infection in adults: burden of disease. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20: 45–51.
18. MacIntyre CR, Ridda I, Trent MJ et al. Persistence of immunity to conjugate and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines in frail, hospitalised older adults in long‑term follow up. Vaccine. 2019 Aug 14; 37(35): 5016–5024.
19. Pollard AJ, Perrett KP, Beverley PC. Maintaining protection against invasive bacteria with protein‑polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009 Mar; 9(3): 213–220.
20. Weinberger B. Vaccines for the elderly: current use and future challenges. Immun Ageing. 2018 Jan 22; 15: 3.
Štítky
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicineČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Internal Medicine
2021 Číslo E-8
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Th1, Th2 and Th17 lymphocytes in autoimmune thyreopathies
- Tumor induced osteomalacia
- Long‑term mechanical circulatory support for chronic heart failure – real life practice
- Lethal alcohol intoxications cases: thinking about the causes