#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Hyperparathyroidism


Authors: Daniela Chroustová;  David Zogala
Authors place of work: Ústav nukleární medicíny, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze, ČR
Published in the journal: NuklMed 2021;10:42-51
Category: Review Article

Summary

Hyperparatyreóza (HPT) je poměrně časté endokrinní onemocnění, nejčastěji se vyskytuje jako primární (PHPT), která zaujímá třetí místo podle výskytu endokrinních chorob. Hlavním projevem choroby je nadměrná tvorba parathormonu (PTH) se současně se zvětšujícími příštítnými tělísky (PT). Vyskytuje se v několika formách, a to při patologických stavech majících příčinu v samotných PT, či sekundárně při poruchách kalciového metabolismu. V určování diagnózy jsou kromě anamnestických dat prioritní výsledky biochemických hodnot. K nejdůležitějším patří hladiny imunoreaktivního PTH (iPTH) v plazmě a hodnoty Ca a P v séru, dále základní biochemické hodnoty funkce ledvin, pankreatu, event. kostního metabolismu. Diagnóza se rovněž opírá o nálezy zobrazovacích technik, k základním vyšetřením se řadí sonografie a scintigrafie. Na základě shrnutí laboratorních výsledků a nálezů zobrazovacích technik je indikována chirurgická nebo konzervativní terapie.

V posledních letech se výrazně zlepšila péče o pacienty s HPT. Jistě k tomu přispěly i možnosti přesnější lokalizace hyperprodukující tkáně PT pomocí zobrazovacích metod, které jsou vodítkem k výběru nejefektivnějšího a nejšetrnějšího operačního řešení. Tento souhrnný článek s potřebnými informacemi týkajícími se hyperparatyreózy, je určen především pro kolegy v předatestační přípravě.

Keywords:

hyperparathyroidism – imaging procedures – review


Zdroje
  1. Adámek S, Naňka 0 et al. Primární hyperparathyreóza. Diagnostika a terapie. Praha, Galén, 2006, 202 p
  2. Vaz A, Griffiths M. Parathyroid imaging and localization using SPECT/CT: Initial results. JNMT 2011;39:195-200
  3. Eslamy HK, Ziessman HA. Parathyroid scintigraphy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: 99mTc-sestamibi SPECT and SPECT/CT. Radio Graphics 2008;28:1461-1476
  4. Bandeira L, Bilezikian J. Primary hyperparathyroidism. F1000 Researsch 2016; (F1000Faculty Rev): 1(doi:10.12688/1000research.7039.1)
  5. Petranovič Ovčariček P, Giovanella L, Gasset I C et al. The EANM practice guidelines for parathyroid imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging [online]. 2021. [cit. 2021-04-10]. Dostupné na:  https://tech.snmjournals.org/content/41/1/55.2
  6. Fraser WD. Hyperparathyroidism. Lancet 2009;374:145–158
  7. Broulík P, Adámek S, Tvrdoň J et al. Primární hyperparatyreóza. Postgraduální medicína 2007;7:711-716
  8. Khan AA, Hanley DA, Rizzoli R et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism: review and recommendations on evaluation, diagnosis, and management. A Canadian and international consensus. Osteoporos Int 2017;28:1-19
  9. Cusano NE, Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Densitom 2013;16:33-39
  10. Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R et al. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Summary statement from the fourth international workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:3561-3569
  11. Eastell R, Brandi ML, Costa AG et al. Diagnosis of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;99:3570-3579
  12. Nordenstrom E, Katzman P, Bergenfelz A. Biochemical diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism: Analysis of the sensitivity of total and ionized calcium in combination with PTH. Clin Biochem 2011;44:849-852
  13. Maruani G, Hertig A, Paillard M, et al. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: Evidence for generalized target-tissue resistance to parathyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:4641-4648
  14. Silverber SJ, Walker MD, Bilezikian JP. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Denzitom 2013;16:14-21
  15. Parfitt AM, Rao DS, Kleerekoper M. Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism discovered by multichannel biochemical screening: clinical course and considerations bearing on the need for surgical intervention. J Bone Miner Res 1991;6 Suppl 2:97-101
  16. Lowe H, McMahon DJ, Rubin MR et al. Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: further characterization of a new clinical phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3001-3005
  17. Koumakis E, Souberbielle JC, Sarfati E et al. Bone mineral density evolution after  successful parathyroidectomy in patients with normocalcemic primary  hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:3213-3220
  18. Rubello D, Gross MD, Mariani G et al. Scintigraphic techniques in primary hyperpa-rathyroidism: from pre-operative localization to intra-operative imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol imaging 2007;34:926-933 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-007-0388-3.
  19. Komata H, Fukagawa M. Regression of parathyroid hyperplasia by calcimimetics – fact or illusion? Nefrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:707-709
  20. Taylor A, Schuster DM, Alazraki N. A clinician’s guide to nuclear medicine, Chapter 10, The Parathyroids, pp. 215-225, published by The Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2006.
  21. Hayakawa N, Nakamoto Y, Kurihara K et al. A comparison between 11C-methionine PET/CT and MIBI SPECT/CT for localization of parathyroid adenomas/hyperplasia. Nuclear Medicine Communications 2015;36:53–59
  22. Hindie E, Ugur O, Fuster D et al. 2009 EANM parathyroid guidelines. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009;36:1201-1216
  23. Greenspan BS, Dillehay G, Intenzo C et al. SNM Practice Guideline for Parathyroid Scintigraphy 4.0*. Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology 2012;40:1-8
  24. Neumann DR, Obuchowski NA, Di Filippo FP. Preoperative 123I/99mTc-sestamibi subtraction SPECT and SPECT/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Nucl Med 2008;49:2012-2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.108.054858.
  25. O’Doherty MJ, Kettle AG. Parathyroid imaging: preoperative localization. Nuc Med Commun 2003;24:125-131 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-200302000-00004.
  26. Lorberboym M, Minski I, Macadziob S et al. Incremental diagnostic value of preoperative 99mTc-MIBI SPECT in patients with a parathyroid adenoma. J Nucl Med 2003;44:904–908
  27. Siegel A, Mancuso M, Seltzer M. The spectrum of positive scan patterns in parathyroid scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 2007;32:770-774
  28. Gonzalez VG, Orellana BP, Lopez MJ et al. Early parathyroid MIBI SPECT imaging in the diagnosis of persistent hyperparathyroidism. Clin Nucl Med 2008;33:475-478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181779310.
  29. Rubello D, Casara D, Pagetta C et al. Determinant role of Tc-99m MIBI SPECT in the localization of a retrotracheal parathyroid adenoma successfully treated by radioguided surgery. Clin Nucl Med 2002;27:711–715
  30. Slater A, Gleeson FV. Increased sensitivity and confidence of SPECT over planar imaging in dual-phase sestamibi for parathyroid adenoma detection. Clin Nucl Med 2005;30:1–3
  31. Wong KK, Fig LM, Gross MD et al. Parathyroid adenoma localization with 99mTc-Sestamibi SPECT/CT: a meta-analysis. Nucl Med Commun 2015;36:363–375
  32. Michaud L, Balogova S, Burgess A et al: A pilot comparis of 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT, ultrasonography and 123I/99mTc-sestaMIBI dual-phase dual-isotope scintigraphy in thepreoperative localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Medicine 2015;94:1-15
  33. Zajíčková K, Zogala D, Kubinyi J. Parathyroid imaging by (18)F-fluorocholine PET/CT in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and inconclusive conventional methods: clinico-pathological correlations. Physiol Res. 2018;67(Suppl 3):S551-S557 doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934029. PMID: 30484682
  34. Placzkowski K, Christian R, Chen H. Radiogiuded parathyroidectomy for recurrent parathyroid cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2007;32:358-360
  35. Garcia-Talavera P, Gonzalez C, Garcia-Talavera JR. Radioguided surgery of primary hyperparathyroidisms in a population with a high prevalence of thyroid pathology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010;37:2060-2067 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-010-1462-9
  36. Kelly HR, Hamberg LM, Hunter GJ. 4D-CT for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands in patients with hyperparathyroidism: Accuracy and ability to stratify patients by unilateral versus bilateral diseaase in surgary-naive and re-exploration patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014;35:176-181
  37. Hoang JK, Sung W, Bahl M et al. How to perform parathyroid 4D CT: Tips and Traps for technique and interpretation. Radiology 2014;270:15-24
  38. Chazen JL, Gupta A, Dunning A et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 4D-CT for parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:429-433
  39. Krausz Y, Bettman L, Guralnik L: Technetium -99m-MIBI SPECT/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism. World J Surg 2006;30:76-83 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-005-7849-2.
  40. Akram K, Parker JA, Donohoe K et al. Role of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in localization of ectopic parathyroid adenoma: A pictorial case series and review of the current literature. Clin Nucl Med 2009;34:500-502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181abb619.
  41. Taubman ML, Goldfarb M, Lew JI. Role of SPECT and SPECT/CT in the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. International Journal of Molecular Imaging,2011;ID141593, doi: 10.1155/2011141593.
  42. Kluijfhout WP, Vriens MR, Valk G et al. 18F-Fluorocholine PET-CT enables minimal invasive parathyroidectomy in patients with negative sestamibi SPECT-CT and ultrasound: A case report. Int JSurg Case Rep 2015; 13: 73-75.
  43. Lezaic L, Rep S, Sever MS et al. 18-F-Fluorocholine PET/CT for localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in primary hyperparathyroidism : a pilot study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014;41:2083-2089
  44. Madkhali T, Alhefdhi A, Chen H et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism. Ulus Cerrahi Derg 2016;32:58-66 Doi. 10.5152/UCD.2015.3032.
  45. Sobotková D, Nedbálková H, Zharfbin A. Patogeneze, diagnóza a léčba sekundární hyperparatyreózy při chronické renální nedostatečnosti. ZDN LL 2000; 27
  46. Meola M, Petrucci I, Barsotti G. Long-term treatment with cinacalcet and conventional therapy reduces parathyroid hyperplasia in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;1-8 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn654.
  47. Linderberg JS. Calcimimetics: A new tool for management of hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney International 2005;67:533-536
  48. Leere JS, Karmisholt J, Robaczyk M et al. Contemporary medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review. Frontiers in Endocrinilogy 2017;8:1-11 Doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00079.
  49. Šiprová H, Souček M, Šipr K. Nové pohledy na primární hyperparatyreózu v  Internistické praxi, Interni Med. 2016;18:134–136
  50. Thomas DL, Bartel T, Menda Y et al. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) should be routinely performed for the detection of parathyroid abnormalities utilizing technetium-99m sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 2009;34:651-655 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181b591c9.
  51. Joy MS, Karagiannis PC, Peyerl FW. Outcomes of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease and the direct costs of treatment. JMCP 2007;13:397-411
  52. Mapelli P, Busnardo E, Magnani P et al. Incidental finding of parathyroid adenoma with 11C-choline PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2012;37:593–595
  53. Grimaldi S, Young J, Kamernicky P et al. Chalenging pre-surgical localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism: the added value 18F-Fluoricholine PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018;45:1772-1780
  54. Imperiale A, Taieb D, Hindie E. 18F-Fluoricholine PET/CT as a second line Nuclear imaging technique before surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018;45:654-657
Štítky
Nuclear medicine Radiodiagnostics Radiotherapy
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#