Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in manual workers and application of the SCORE system in occupational medical practice
Authors:
M. Nákladová; P. Kellnerová; M. Hladná; M. Křibská; J. Pumprlová; M. Tichá; J. Pumprla; D. Přikrylová
Authors place of work:
Klinika pracovního lékařství Lékařské fakulty Univerzity Palackého a Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc, přednostka doc. MUDr. Marie Nakládalová, Ph. D.
Published in the journal:
Pracov. Lék., 62, 2010, No. 2, s. 64-68.
Category:
Original Papers
Summary
Introduction:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most frequent cause of death in the Czech Republic. In relation to prevalence of CVD in the population, the possibilities of prevention are explored intensively. The philosophy of efficient prevention includes screening of asymptomatic individuals with high risk of development of CVD indicated for further interventions.
Objective:
The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of basic risk factors of CVD in manual workers (males) and detect individuals with high risk of CVD.
Material and methods:
The sample comprised 44 male manual workers of average age of 48 years (median 51, SD 9) with no symptoms of CVD. Smoking habits, physical activity, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio), blood pressure, total cholesterol level and glycaemia were evaluated in every individual. The risk of development of lethal CVD was assessed according to the SCORE system tables.
Findings:
It was found out that 41% of the sample was overweight, 43% was obese, 86% examined had a high risk of lethal CVD in next 10 years (SCORE ≥ 5%).
Conclusion:
Relatively high prevalence of particular risk factors and total risk of the development of lethal CVD were found. The SCORE Method was found easy to apply in common medical practice, therefore authors recommend implementation of assessing the risk of CVD according to this method and consequent education of workers as the part of occupational medical preventive examinations.
Key words:
risk factors, cardiovascular diseases, SCORE (Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation)
Zdroje
1. BECKER, R. C., MEADE, T. W., BERGER, P. B., EZEKOWITZ, M., OęCONNOR, C. M., et al. The Primary and Secondary Prevetion of Coronary Artery Disease. Chest, 2008, 133, s. 776S–814S.
2. BREHM, B., GATES, D., SINGLER, M., POEPPELMAN, A., SUCCOP, P., DęALESSIO, D. Prevalence of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Manufacturing Company Employees in Kentucky. Aaohn Journal, 2007, 55, 10, s. 397–406.
3. CÍFKOVÁ, R., BÝMA, S., ČEŠKA, R., HORK?, K., KAREN, I., KUNEŠOVÁ, M., KRÁLÍKOVÁ, E., ROSOLOVÁ, H., ROZTOČIL, K., SOŠKA, V., ŠKRHA, J. Prevence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění v dospělém věku. Společné doporučení českých odborných společností. Cor Vasa, 2005, 47, 9 Suppl., s. 3–14.
4. CLAESSEN, H., ARNDT, V., DRATH, C., BRENNER, H. Overweight, obesity and risk of work disability: a cohort study of construction workers in Germany. Occup. Environ. Med., 2009, 66, s. 402–409.
5. ČERNÝ, J., HRADEC, J., ROZTOČIL, K. Národní kardiovaskulární program. [online] [cit. 2010-09-02]. Dostupné na www:
<http://www.kardio-cz.cz/index.php?&desktop=clanky&action=view&id=65>.
6. ČEŠKA, R., HERBER, O., SKOUPÁ., J., ŠTULC., T., BÝMA., S., KAREN., I., SEIFERT., B. Dyslipidémie. Doporučený diagnostický postup pro všeobecné praktické lékaře. Evropské centrum pro medicínskou informatiku, statistiku a epidemiologii, EuroMISE, 2004. [on line] [cit. 2010-12-02]. Dostupné na www:
<http://www.euromise.cz/health/recommendation/GuidelinesPR/dyslipedie_2004. html#12>.
7. DIAZ, F. J., JAMES, D., BOTTS, S., MAW, L., SUSCE, M. T., DE LEON, J. Tobacco smoking behaviors in bipolar disorder: a comparison of the general population, schizophrenia, and major depression. Bipolar Disord, 2009, 11, s. 154–165.
8. EUROPEAN COMISSION. Guidance on work-related stress, Spice of life or kiss of death? – Executive summary. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002, 13. [on line] [cit. 2009-08-05]. Dostupné na www: <http://osha.europa.eu/cs/topics/stress/definitions_and_causes/?searchterm=stres>.
9. GÓMEZ-MARCOS, M. A., MARTÍNEZ-SALGADO, C., MARTIN-CANTERA, C., RECIO-RODRÍGUEZ, J. I. et all. Therapeutic implications of selecting the SCORE (European) versus the DęAGOSTINO (American) risk charts for cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive patietns. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2009, 9, s. 17.
10. GRAHAM, I., ATAR, D., BORCH-JOHNSEN, K., BOYSEN, G., BURELL, G., CIFKOVA, R., DALLONGEVILLE, J., DE BACKER, G., ET ALL. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. European Heart Journal, 2007, 28, s. 2375–2414.
11. GROENEVELD, I., PROPER, K. I., VAN DER BEEK, A., HILDEBRANDT, V. H., VAN MECHELEN, V. Lifestyle-focused interventions at the workplace to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease – a systematic review. Scand J Work Environ Health – on line first, s. 1–14. [on line] [cit. 2010-29-01]. Dostupné na www: <http://www.sjweh.fi/show_abstract.php?abstract_id=2891>.
12. HOBZOVÁ, M., NAKLÁDALOVÁ, M., KOLEK, V. Syndrom obstrukční spánkové apnoe a zdravotní způsobilost k práci. Pracov. Lék., 2008, 60, 1, s. 17–21.
13. CHALOUPKA, J., WOLFOVÁ, K. Riziko kardiovaskulárních onemocnění u vybraných profesí. Pracov. Lék., 2008, 60, 2, s. 51–60.
14. KLENER, P. et al. Vnitřní lékařství. Praha: Galén, 2006, 1158 s., ISBN 80-7262-430-X.
15. LALLUKKA, T., CHANDOLA, T., HEMINGWAY, H., MARMOT, M., LAHELMA, E., RAHKONEN, O. Job strain and symptoms of angina pectoris among British and Finnish middle-aged employees. J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 2009, 63, s. 98–985.
16. PASTUCHA, D., HORÁKOVÁ, D., JANOUTOVÁ, G., MALINČÍKOVÁ, J., JANOUT, V. Epidemiologie metabolického syndromu a možnosti prevence pohybovou aktivitou. Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., 2007, 56, 4, s.181–185.
17. PASTUCHA, D., MALINČÍKOVÁ, J., HYJÁNEK, J., HORÁKOVÁ, D., ČÍŽEK, L., JANOUTOVÁ, G., JANOUT, V. Obesity and insulin resistance in childhood. Cent. Eur. J. Public. Health., 2007, 15, 3, s. 103–105.
18. PASTUCHA, D., MALINČÍKOVÁ, J., HYJÁNEK, J., ČÍHALÍK, Č. et al. Obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance in childhood. Acta Medica Martiniana, 2008, 8, 1, s. 17–22.
19. MCFADDEN, E., LUBEN, R., WAREMAN, N., BINGHAM, S., KHAW, K. Occupational social class, risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women: a prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2008, 23, s. 449–458.
20. SEHESTEDT, T., JEPPESEN, J., HANSEN, T. W., RASMUSSEN, S., WACHTELL, K., IBSEN, H., TORP-PEDERSEN, C., OLSEN, M. Risk stratification with the risk chart from the European Society of Hypertension compared with SCORE in the general population. Journal of Hypertension, 2009, 27, s. 235–2357.
21. SIMPSON, J. A., MACINNIS, R. J., PEETERS, A., HOPPER, J. L., GILES, G. G., ENGLISH, D. R. A Comparison of Adiposity Measures as Predictors of All-cause Mortality: The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Obesity, 2007, 15, 4, s. 994–1003.
22. SOVOVÁ, E., NAKLÁDALOVÁ, M., KALETOVÁ, M., LUKL, J. Výskyt rizikových faktorů kardiovaskulárních onemocnění u ošetřovatelského personálu. Pracov. Lék., 2005, 57, 4, s. 149–152.
23. SOVOVÁ, E., NAKLÁDALOVÁ, M., KALETOVÁ, M., LUKL, J., BENUŠOVÁ, I., DOUPALOVÁ, P. Primární prevence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění u zaměstnanců velké nemocnice. Pracov. Lék., 2006, 58, 4, s. 140–147.
24. SOVOVÁ, E., NAKLÁDALOVÁ, M., KALETOVÁ, M., LUKL, J., BENUŠOVÁ, I., DOUPALOVÁ, P. Stanovení výskytu rizikových faktorů kardiovaskulárních onemocnění u zaměstnanců pojišťovny jako součást preventivní prohlídky – liší se tato skupina od zdravotníků? Pracov. Lék., 2006, 58, 1, s. 5–8.
25. Stav a pohyb obyvatelstva v ČR v 1. pololetí 2009 (předběžné výsledky). Tab. 3. 1. Zemřelí podle příčin smrti za oblasti, kraje a okresy [online] [cit. 2010-12-02]. Dostupné na www: <http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/publ/4001-09-v_1__pololeti_2009_(predbezne_vysledky)>.
26. WILSON, P., CANNON, C. P., SAPERIA, G. M. Overview of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease [on line]. Up to date, 2009 [cit. 2010-29-01]. Dostupné na www: <http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=chd/36840&selectedTitle=2%7E150&source=search_result>.
27. WILSON, P. W., F., GERSH, B. J., SAPERIA, G. M. Estimation of cardiovascular risk in an individual patient without known cardiovascular disease [on line]. Up to date, 2009 [cit. 2010-29-01]. Dostupné na www: <http://www.uptodate.com/online/content/topic.do?topicKey=chd/69869&selectedTitle=1%7E150&source=search_result>.
28. VÄÄNÄNEN, A., KOSKINEN, A., JOENSUU, M., KIVIMÄKI, M., VAHTERA., J., KOUVONEN, A., JÄPPINEN, P. Lack of Predictability at Work and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction: An 18-Year Prospective Study of Industrial Employees. American Journal of Public Health, 2008, 98, 12, s. 2264–2271.
29. YUSUF, S., HAWKEN, S., OUNPUU, S., BAUTISTA, L., FRANZOSI, M. G., COMMERFORD, P., LANG, C. C., RUMBOLDT, Z. et al. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27 000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet, 2005, 366, s. 1640–1649.
Štítky
Hygiene and epidemiology Hyperbaric medicine Occupational medicineČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Occupational Medicine
2010 Číslo 2
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Analysis of the impact of sedentary occupation on damaging the back
- Asthma bronchiale in the car industry – a case study
- Challenges for preventive occupational medicine and toxicology
- Prevalence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in manual workers and application of the SCORE system in occupational medical practice