Comparison of muscular relaxation in middle-aged and older athletes
Authors:
Čelko J. 1; Gabrhel J. 2; Malay M. 1
Authors place of work:
Fakulta zdravotníctva, Trenčianska univerzita Alexandra Dubčeka v Trenčíne, Slovenská republika
1; Súkromná ordinácia liečebnej rehabilitácie a akupunktúry, Trenčín, Slovenská republika
2
Published in the journal:
Rehabil. fyz. Lék., 28, 2021, No. 2, pp. 61-66.
Category:
Original Papers
doi:
https://doi.org/10.48095/ccrhfl202161
Summary
Background: Muscular relaxation is an active process that requires brain activation similar to muscle contraction. Decreased ability of intracortical inhibition prolongs the time of muscle relaxation, which slows down movement. The quality of movement is also compromised by insufficient relaxation of muscles that are not necessary for movement, which occurs in less experienced athletes and musicians. Methods: We used infrared thermography to compare muscle relaxation after weightlifting training discipline of two long-term athletes aged 45 and 65. The younger athlete was an amateur, the older one was a professional. Load-induced increase of muscle tone is manifested by a decrease in temperature, while during relaxation the temperature rises. Relaxation was evaluated by the course of temperature changes in individual regions immediately after training, after 15 and 30 minutes. Results: Body temperature changes were observed in both sportsmen in the evaluated regions shortly after training. A significantly larger decrease was discovered in the amateur sportsman. The reason may be insufficiently suppressed co-contraction of antagonists, while the professional athlete was able to relax muscles unnecessary for performance. The course of temperature curves after 15 and 30 minutes is reversed. The curve rises in the younger sportsman rises and decreases in the older one. This indicates an impaired relaxation in the older athlete, which may be related to a reduced ability of intracortical inhibition associated with age. Conclusion: Proper muscle relaxation is a necessary condition of smooth and effective movement. Long-term benefits of muscular relaxation occur in older people not only immediately after the exercise, but also at the interval of 30 minutes.
Keywords:
muscular relaxation – intracortical inhibition – weightlifting training – infrared thermography
Zdroje
1. Toma K, Honda M, Hanakawa H et al. Activities of the primary and supplementary motor areas increase in preparation and execution of voluntary muscle relaxation: an event-related fMRI study. J Neurosci 1999; 19(9): 3527–3534. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-09-03527.1999.
2. Wolkorte R, Kamphuis J, Zijdewind I. Increased reaction times and reduced response preparation already starts at middle age. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6: 79. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00079.
3. Motawar B, Hur P, Stinear J et al. Contribution of intracortical inhibition in voluntary muscle relaxation. Exp Brain Res 2012; 221(3): 299–308. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3173-x.
4. Papegaaij S, Taube W, Baundry S et al. Aging causes a reorganization of cortical and spinal control of posture. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6: 28. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00028.
5. Motawar B, Stinear JW, Lauer AW et al. Delayed grip relaxation and altered modulation of intracortical inhibition with aging. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234(4): 985–995. doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4527-y.
6. Sakurai SL, Ohtsuki T. Muscle activity and accuracy of performance of the smash stroke in badminton with reference to skill and practice. J Sport Sci 2000; 18(11): 901–914. doi: 10.1080/02640410075001732.
7. Fujii S, Kudo K, Ohtsuki T et al. Tapping performance and underlying wrist muscle activity of non-drummeres, drummers, and the world’s fastest drummer. Neurosci Lett 2009; 459(2): 69–73. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.055.
8. Moscatelli FL, Messina G, Valenzano A et al. Correction: Functional assessment of corticospinal system excitability in karate athletes. PLoS One 2016: 11(7): e0159846. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159846.
9. Čelko J, Zálešáková J, Gúth A. Hydrokinezioterapia. Bratislava: Liéčreh Gúth 2017: 48–49.
10. Silva-Batista C, Corcos DM, Barroso R et al. Instability resistance training improves neuromuscular outcome in Parkinson’s disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49(4): 652–660. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001159.
11. Shenkman M, Moore CG, Kohrt WM et al. Effect of high-intensity treadmill exercise on motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson disease: a phase 2 randomized clinical tral. JAMA Nurol 2018; 75(2): 219–226. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3517.
12. Sajatovic M, Ridgel A, Walter E et al. A randomized trial of individual versus group-format exercise and self-management in individual with Parkinson’s disease and comorbid depression. Patient Prefer Adherence 2017; 11: 965–973. doi: 10.2147/ppa.s135551.
13. Fisher BE, Wu AD, Salen GJ et al. The effect of exercise training in improving motor performance and corticomotor excitability in people with early Parkinson’s disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89(7): 1221–1229. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.01.013.
14. Alberts JL, Phillips M, Lowe MJ et al. Cortical and motor responses to acute forced exercise in Parkinson’s disease. Pasrkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 24: 56–62. doi: 10.1016/parkreldis.2016.01.015.
15. Ridgel AL, Ault DL. High-cadence cycling promotes sustained improvement in bradykinesia, rigidity, and mobility in individuals with mild-moderate Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons Dis 2019; 2019: 4076862. doi: 10.1155/2019/4076862.
16. Ridgel AL, Phillips RS, Walter BL et al. Dynamic high-cadence cycling improves motor symptoms in Parkinon’s disease. Front Neurol 2015; 6: 194. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00194.
17. Nowak DA, Hermsdörfer J, Topka H. Deficit of predictive grip force control during object manipulation in acute stroke. J. Neurol 2003; 250(7): 850–860. doi: 10.1007/s00415-003-1095-z.
18. Nowak DA, Grefkes C, Dafotakis M et al. Dexterity is impaired at both hands following unilateral subcortical middle cerebral artery stroke. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25(10): 3173–3184. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05551.x.
19. Muraoka T, Nagakawa K, Kato K et al. Interlimb coordination from a psychological perspective. J Phys Fitness Sports Med 2016; 5(5): 349–359. doi: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.349.
20. Kato K, Watanabe T, Kanosue K. Effects of muscle relaxation on sustained contraction of ipsilateral remote muscle. Physiol Rep 2015; 3(11): e12620. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12620.
21. Kato K, Kanosue K. Effect of muscle relaxation in the foot on simultaneous muscle contraction in the contralateral hand. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633: 252–256. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.019.
22. Kato K, Muraoka T, Mizuguchi N et al. Muscle relaxation of the foot reduces corticospinal excitability of hand muscles and enhances intracortical inhibition. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10: 2018. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00218.
23. Rowland DL, van Lankveld JDM. Anxiety and performance in sex, sport, and stage: identifying common ground. Front Psychol 2019; 10: 1615. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01615.
24. Yoshie M, Kudo K, Murakoshi T et al. Music performance anxiety in skilled pianists: effects of social-evaluative performance situation on subjective, autonomic, and electromyographic reactions. Exp Brain Res 2009; 199(17): 117–126. doi: 10.1007/s00221-009-1979-y.
25. Rice SM, Gwyther K, Santesteban-Echarri O et al. Determinants of anxiety in elite asthletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53(11): 722–730. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100620.
26. Ford JL, Ildefonso K, Jones ML et al. Sport-related anxiety: current insights. Open Access J Sports Med 2017; 8: 205–212. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S125845.
27. Gabrhel J, Čelko J, Tauchmannová H. Objektivizácia účinku antigravitačných jógových cvičení infračervenou termografiou. Rehabilitácia 2006; 43(2): 89–93.
28. Gabrhel J, Čelko J, Tauchmannová H. Termografické vyhodnotenie cvičenia na musculi erectores trunci. Lekársky obzor 2012; 4: 127–132.
29. Kato K, Vogt T, Kanosue K. Brain activity underlying muscle relaxation. Front Physiol 2019; 10: 1457. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01457.
30. Tazoe T, Endoh T, Nakajima T et al. Disinhibition of upper limb motor area by voluntary contraction of the lower limb muscle. Exp Brain Res 2007; 177(3): 419–430. doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0686-1.
Štítky
Physiotherapist, university degree Rehabilitation Sports medicineČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine
2021 Číslo 2
- Hope Awakens with Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease Based on Skin Odor
- Deep stimulation of the globus pallidus improved clinical symptoms in a patient with refractory parkinsonism and genetic mutation
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Historical development of motor control theories – from hierarchical theory to dynamic system
- The effect of manipulation therapy on cervicocranial syndrome
- Influence of footbike riding on the locomotor system of younger school children
- Comparison of muscular relaxation in middle-aged and older athletes