Exploring the presence of narcolepsy in patients with schizophrenia

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Background:
There are several case reports of patients with narcolepsy and schizophrenia, but a systematic examination of the association of both disorders has not been done. The aim of this work is to assess the frequency of narcolepsy with cataplexy in a large consecutive series of adult patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

Methods:
We screened 366 consecutive patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with a sleep questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepines scale (ESS) exploring narcoleptiform symptoms. Those who screened positive were assessed by a sleep specialist, and offered an HLA determination. CSF hypocretin-1 determination was proposed to those who were HLA DQB1*06:02 positive.

Results:
On the screening questionnaire, 17 patients had an ESS score ≥11 without cataplexy, 15 had cataplexy-like symptoms with an ESS score < 11, and four had an ESS score ≥11 plus cataplexy-like symptoms. Of those, 24 patients were evaluated by a sleep specialist. Five of these 24 were HLA DQB1*06:02 positive, and three of these five subjects underwent lumbar puncture showing normal hypocretin-1 levels.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that narcolepsy with cataplexy is not an unrecognized disease in adult patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Keywords:
Hallucinations, Narcolepsy, Hypocretin, Psychotic disorders, Schizophrenia

Autoři: Gemma Sansa ^1*; Alba Gavaldà ²; Carles Gaig ³; José Monreal ⁴; Guadalupe Ercilla ⁵; Roser Casamitjana ⁶; Gisela Ribera ¹; Alex Iranzo ³; Joan Santamaria ³
Působiště autorů: Neurology Service and Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain. ¹; Neuropsychology Department, Neurology Service. Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain. ²; Neurology Service and Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ³; Psychiatry Service, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain. ⁴; Immunology Laboratory, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ⁵; Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic (CDB), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. ⁶
Vyšlo v časopise: BMC Psychiatry 2016, 16:177
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0859-9

© Sansa et al. 2016
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-016-0859-9

Souhrn

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that narcolepsy with cataplexy is not an unrecognized disease in adult patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Keywords:
Hallucinations, Narcolepsy, Hypocretin, Psychotic disorders, Schizophrenia

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