Is body weight dissatisfaction a predictor of depression independent of body mass index, sex and age? Results of a cross-sectional study
Background:
Little is known about the association of dissatisfaction with body weight - a component of body image - with depression in individuals of different sex, age, and with different body mass index (BMI). Hence, the aim of our study was to evaluate the association of body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) with depression in different sub-groups.
Methods:
We analyzed data of 15,975 individuals from the cross-sectional 2012 Swiss Health Survey. Participants were asked about their body weight satisfaction. The validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to ascertain depression. Age was stratified into three groups (18–29, 30–59, and ≥60 years). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body height and weight and categorized into underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The association between body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) and depression was assessed with logistic regression analyses and odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were computed.
Results:
BWD was associated with depression in the overall group (OR 2.04, 95 % CI 1.66–2.50) as well as in men (OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.34–2.56) and women (OR 2.25, 95 % CI 1.71–2.96) independent of BMI. The stratification by age groups showed significant associations of BWD with depression in young (OR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.16–2.74), middle-aged (OR 2.10, 95 % CI 1.61–2.74) and old individuals (OR 2.34, 95 % CI 1.30–4.23) independent of BMI. Stratification by BMI categories resulted in statistically significant positive associations of BWD and depression in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese individuals.
Conclusion:
BWD was associated with depression independent of BMI, sex and age.
Keywords:
Depression, Body weight, Weight dissatisfaction, Switzerland
Autoři:
Aline Richard; Sabine Rohrmann; Tina Lohse; Monika Eichholzer *
Vyšlo v časopise:
BMC Public Health 2016, 16:863
Kategorie:
Research article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3497-8
© 2016 The Author(s).
Open access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-016-3497-8
Souhrn
Background:
Little is known about the association of dissatisfaction with body weight - a component of body image - with depression in individuals of different sex, age, and with different body mass index (BMI). Hence, the aim of our study was to evaluate the association of body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) with depression in different sub-groups.
Methods:
We analyzed data of 15,975 individuals from the cross-sectional 2012 Swiss Health Survey. Participants were asked about their body weight satisfaction. The validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to ascertain depression. Age was stratified into three groups (18–29, 30–59, and ≥60 years). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body height and weight and categorized into underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). The association between body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) and depression was assessed with logistic regression analyses and odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were computed.
Results:
BWD was associated with depression in the overall group (OR 2.04, 95 % CI 1.66–2.50) as well as in men (OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.34–2.56) and women (OR 2.25, 95 % CI 1.71–2.96) independent of BMI. The stratification by age groups showed significant associations of BWD with depression in young (OR 1.78, 95 % CI 1.16–2.74), middle-aged (OR 2.10, 95 % CI 1.61–2.74) and old individuals (OR 2.34, 95 % CI 1.30–4.23) independent of BMI. Stratification by BMI categories resulted in statistically significant positive associations of BWD and depression in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese individuals.
Conclusion:
BWD was associated with depression independent of BMI, sex and age.
Keywords:
Depression, Body weight, Weight dissatisfaction, Switzerland
Zdroje
1. Cash TF, Pruzinsky T. Body images: development, deviance, and change. New York: Guilford Press; 1990.
2. Blashill AJ, Wilhelm S. Body Image Distortions, Weight, and Depression in Adolescent Boys: Longitudinal Trajectories Into Adulthood. Psychol Men Masculin. 2014;15(4):445–51.
3. Tiggemann M. Body image across the adult life span: stability and change. Body Image. 2004;1(1):29–41.
4. Forrester-Knauss C, Zemp Stutz E. Gender differences in disordered eating and weight dissatisfaction in Swiss adults: which factors matter? BMC Public Health. 2012;12:809.
5. Fallon EA, Harris BS, Johnson P. Prevalence of body dissatisfaction among a United States adult sample. Eat Behav. 2014;15(1):151–8.
6. von Lengerke T, Mielck A, Group KS. Body weight dissatisfaction by socioeconomic status among obese, preobese and normal weight women and men: results of the cross-sectional KORA Augsburg S4 population survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:342.
7. Stice E, Shaw HE. Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology: a synthesis of research findings. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(5):985–93.
8. Jackson KL, Janssen I, Appelhans BM, Kazlauskaite R, Karavolos K, Dugan SA, Avery EA, Shipp-Johnson KJ, Powell LH, Kravitz HM. Body image satisfaction and depression in midlife women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Arch Womens Ment Health. 2014;17(3):177–87.
9. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997;349(9064): 1498–504.
10. WHO. Mental Health action plan 2013–2020. Geneva: World Health Organization 2013; 2013.
11. Chen G, Guo GP, Gong JB, Xiao SY. The Association Between Body Dissatisfaction and Depression: An Examination of the Moderating Effects of Gender, Age, and Weight Status in a Sample of Chinese Adolescents. J Psychol Counc Sch. 2015;25(2):245–60.
12. Ferreiro F, Seoane G, Senra C. Toward understanding the role of body dissatisfaction in the gender differences in depressive symptoms and disordered eating: a longitudinal study during adolescence. J Adolesc. 2014;37(1):73–84.
13. Stice E, Hayward C, Cameron RP, Killen JD, Taylor CB. Body-image and eating disturbances predict onset of depression among female adolescents: a longitudinal study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2000;109(3):438–44.
14. Paxton SJ, Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ, Eisenberg ME. Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2006;35(4):539–49.
15. Ferreiro F, Seoane G, Senra C. Gender-related risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms and disordered eating in adolescence: a 4-year longitudinal study. J Youth Adolesc. 2012;41(5):607–22.
16. Pimenta AM, Sanchez-Villegas A, Bes-Rastrollo M, Lopez CN, Martinez- Gonzalez MA. Relationship between body image disturbance and incidence of depression: the SUN prospective cohort. Bmc Public Health. 2009;9:1.
17. Masheb RM, Grilo CM. The nature of body image disturbance in patients with binge eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord. 2003;33(3):333–41.
18. Schulte SJ, Thomas J. Relationship between eating pathology, body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms among male and female adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. Eat Behav. 2013;14(2):157–60.
19. Tang J, Yu Y, Du Y, Ma Y, Zhu H, Liu Z. Association between actual weight status, perceived weight and depressive, anxious symptoms in Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:594.
20. Puhl RM, Heuer CA. The stigma of obesity: a review and update. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(5):941–64.
21. Mannan M, Mamun A, Doi S, Clavarino A. Is there a bi-directional relationship between depression and obesity among adult men and women? Systematic review and bias-adjusted meta analysis. Asian J Psychiatr. 2016;21:51–66.
22. Kroenke CH, Bennett GG, Fuchs C, Giovannucci E, Kawachi I, Schernhammer E, Holmes MD, Kubzansky LD. Depressive symptoms and prospective incidence of colorectal cancer in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(9):839–48.
23. Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2012;184(3):E191–196.
24. BASPO, BfS. Gesundheitswirksame Bewegung. Magglingen: BASPO. In.; 2013.
25. Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, Jonsson B, Olesen J, Allgulander C, Alonso J, Faravelli C, et al. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21(9):655–79.
26. Daniels J. Weight and weight concerns: are they associated with reported depressive symptoms in adolescents? Journal of Pediatric Health Care: Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners. 2005;19(1):33–41.
27. Ting WH, Huang CY, Tu YK, Chien KL. Association between weight status and depressive symptoms in adolescents: role of weight perception, weight concern, and dietary restraint. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171(8):1247–55.
28. Bearman SK, Stice E. Testing a gender additive model: the role of body image in adolescent depression. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2008;36(8): 1251–63.
29. Almeida S, Severo M, Araujo J, Lopes C, Ramos E. Body image and depressive symptoms in 13-year-old adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012;48(10):E165–171.
30. Thompson JK, Stice E. Thin-ideal internalization: Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2001;10(5):181–3.
31. McCreary DR, Saucier DM. Drive for muscularity, body comparison, and social physique anxiety in men and women. Body Image. 2009;6(1):24–30.
32. Gaskin JL, Pulver AJ, Branch K, Kabore A, James T, Zhang J. Perception or reality of body weight: which matters to the depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2013;150(2):350–5.
33. Armstrong B, Westen SC, Janicke DM. The role of overweight perception and depressive symptoms in child and adolescent unhealthy weight control behaviors: a mediation model. J Pediatr Psychol. 2014;39(3):340–8.
34. Gray WN, Crawford MJ, Follansbee-Junger K, Dumont-Driscoll MC, Janicke DM. Associations between actual and perceived weight and psychosocial functioning in children: the importance of child perceptions. Child Obes. 2012;8(2):147–54.
35. Ali MM, Fang H, Rizzo JA. Body weight, self-perception and mental health outcomes among adolescents. J Ment Health Policy Econ. 2010;13(2):53–63.
36. Eaton DK, Lowry R, Brener ND, Galuska DA, Crosby AE. Associations of body mass index and perceived weight with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among US high school students. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005; 159(6):513–9.
37. Stevens SD, Herbozo S, Morrell HE, Schaefer LM, Thompson JK. Adult and childhood weight influence body image and depression through weight stigmatization. J Health Psychol. 2016. 2016; January 28, Epub first.
38. Hoebel BG, Leibowitz SF. Brain monoamines in the modulation of selfstimulation, feeding, and body weight. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 1981;59:103–42.
Článok vyšiel v časopise
BMC Public Health
2016 Číslo 863
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Úspěšná resuscitativní thorakotomie v přednemocniční neodkladné péči
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle