Guidelines for autopsy investigation of sudden cardiac death
Athough sudden cardiac death is one of the most important mode of death in Western Countries, pathologists and public health physicians have not given this problem the attention it deserves. New methods of preventing potentially fatal arrhythmias have been developed, and the accurate diagnosis of the causes of sudden cardiac death is now of particular importance. Pathologists are responsible for determining the precise cause of sudden death but there is considerable variation in the way in which they approach this increasingly complex task. The Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology developed guidelines, which represent the minimum standard that is required in the routine autopsy practice for the adequate assessment of sudden cardiac death, including not only a protocol for heart examination and histological sampling, but also for toxicology and molecular investigation. Our recommendations apply to university medical centres, regional and district hospitals and all types of forensic medicine institutes. If a uniform method of investigation is adopted throughout the European Union, this will lead to improvements in standards of practice, allow meaningful comparisons between different communities and regions and, most importantly, permit future trends in the patterns of disease causing sudden death to be monitored.
Key words:
Autopsy – Guidelines – Protocol – Sudden cardiac death
Autoři:
Cristina Basso 1; Margaret Burke 2; Paul Fornes 3; Patrick J Gallagher 4; Rosa Henriques De Gouveia 5; Mary Sheppard 6; Gaetano Thiene 1; Allard Van Der Wal 7
Působiště autorů:
University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
1; Department of Histopathology, Harefield Hospital, UK
2; Department of Pathology, Hopital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris, France
3; Department of Pathology, Southampton University Hospital, UK
4; Department of Pathology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Lisbon, Portugal
5; Department of Pathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
6; Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
7
Vyšlo v časopise:
Čes.-slov. Patol., 46, 2010, No. 2, p. 43-48
Kategorie:
Články
Souhrn
Athough sudden cardiac death is one of the most important mode of death in Western Countries, pathologists and public health physicians have not given this problem the attention it deserves. New methods of preventing potentially fatal arrhythmias have been developed, and the accurate diagnosis of the causes of sudden cardiac death is now of particular importance. Pathologists are responsible for determining the precise cause of sudden death but there is considerable variation in the way in which they approach this increasingly complex task. The Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology developed guidelines, which represent the minimum standard that is required in the routine autopsy practice for the adequate assessment of sudden cardiac death, including not only a protocol for heart examination and histological sampling, but also for toxicology and molecular investigation. Our recommendations apply to university medical centres, regional and district hospitals and all types of forensic medicine institutes. If a uniform method of investigation is adopted throughout the European Union, this will lead to improvements in standards of practice, allow meaningful comparisons between different communities and regions and, most importantly, permit future trends in the patterns of disease causing sudden death to be monitored.
Key words:
Autopsy – Guidelines – Protocol – Sudden cardiac death
Zdroje
1. Basso C, Calabrese F, Corrado D, Thiene G (2001) Postmortem diagnosis in sudden cardiac death victims: macroscopic, microscopic and molecular findings. Cardiovasc Res 50:290–330
2. Basso C, Thiene G (2005) Adipositas cordis, fatty infiltration of the right ventricle, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Just a matter of fat? Cardiovasc Pathol 14:37–41
3. Becker LB, Smith DW, Rhodes KV (1993) Incidence of cardiac arrest: a neglected factor in evaluating survival rates. Ann Emerg Med 22:86–91
4. Behr E, Wood DA, Wright M, Syrris P, Sheppard MN, Casey A, Davies MJ,McKennaW (2003) Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome steering group. Cardiological assessment of first-degree relatives in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. Lancet 362:1457–1459
5. Brinkmann B (1999) Harmonization of medico-legal autopsy rules. Committee of Ministers. Council of Europe. Int J Legal Med 113:1–14
6. Calabrese F, Thiene G (2003) Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: microbiological and molecular biological aspects. Cardiovasc Res 60:11–25
7. Carturan E, Tester DJ, Brost BB, Basso C, Thiene G, Ackerman MJ (2007) Postmortem genetic testing for conventional autopsy negative sudden unexplained death: an evaluation of different DNA extraction protocols and the feasibility of mutational analysis from archival paraffin embedded heart tissue. Am J Clin Pathol (in press)
8. Chugh SS, Senashova O, Watts A, Tran PT, Zhou Z, Gong Q, Titus JL, Hayflick SJ (2004) Postmortem molecular screening in unexplained sudden death. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1625–1629
9. Corrado D, Basso C, Pavei A, Michieli P, Schiavon M, Thiene G (2006) Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA 296:1593–1601
10. Corrado D, Basso C, Thiene G (2001). Sudden cardiac death in young people with apparently normal heart. Cardiovasc Res 50:399–408
11. Davies MJ (1999) The investigation of sudden cardiac death. Histopathology 34:93–98
12. Fabre A, Sheppard MN (2006) Sudden adult death syndrome and other non-ischaemic causes of sudden cardiac death. Heart 92:316–320
13. Gillum RF (1989) Sudden coronary death in the United States: 1980–1985. Circulation 79:756–765
14. Goldstein S (1982) The necessity of a uniform definition of sudden coronary death: witnessed death within 1 hour of the onset of acute symptoms. Am Heart J 103:156–159
15. Hughes SE (2004) The pathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Histopathology 44:412–427
16. Kitzman DW, Scholz DG, Hagen PT, Ilstrup DM, Edwards WD (1988) Age-related changes in normal human hearts during the first 10 decades of life. Part II (maturity): a quantitative anatomic study of 765 specimens from subjects 20 to 99 years old. Mayo Clin Proc 63:137–146
17. Medical Devices Agency Safety Notice 2002(35) (2002) Removal of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). http://www.mhra. gov.uk/home/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&useSecondary= true&ssDocName=CON008731&ssTargetNodeId=420 (pp 1–3)
18. Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A (2001) Cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death. In: Braunwald E (ed) Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp 890–931
19. Priori SG, Aliot E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Bossaert L, Breithardt G, Brugada P, Camm AJ, Cappato R, Cobbe SM, Di Mario C, Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Pedersen AK, Ravens U, Schwartz PJ, Trusz-Gluza M, Vardas P, Wellens HJ, Zipes DP (2001) Task force on sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 22:1374–1450
20. Royal College of Pathologists (2005) Guidelines on autopsy practice 2005, scenario 1: sudden death with likely cardiac pathology. http://www.rcpath.org/index.asp?PageID=687 (pp 1–7)
22. Schulz DM, Giordano DA (1962) Hearts of infants and children: weights and measurements. Arch Pathol 73:464–471
21. Scholz DG, Kitzman DW, Hagen PT, Ilstrup DM, Edwards WD (1988) Age-related changes in normal human hearts during the first 10 decades of life. Part I (growth): a quantitative anatomic study of 200 specimens from subjects from birth to 19 years old. Mayo Clin Proc 63:126–136
23. Sheppard M, Davies MJ (1998) Investigation of sudden cardiac death. In: Sheppard M, Davies MJ (eds) Practical cardiovascular pathology. Arnold, London, pp 191–204
24. SOFT and AAFS (2002) Forensic toxicology laboratory guidelines. www.soft-tox.org/docs/Guidelines.2002.final.pdf pp 1–23
25. Tansey DK, Aly Z, Sheppard MN (2005) Fat in the right ventricle of the normal heart. Histopathology 46:98–104
26. Tester DJ, Ackerman MJ (2006) The role of molecular autopsy in unexplained sudden cardiac death. Curr Opin Cardiol 21:166–172
27. Thiene G, Basso C, Corrado D (2001). Cardiovascular causes of sudden death. In: Silver MD, Gotlieb AI, Schoen FJ (eds) Cardiovascular pathology. Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 326–374
28. Virmani R, Burke AP, Farb A (2001) Sudden cardiac death. Cardiovasc Pathol 10:211–218
29. Zheng ZJ, Croft JB, Giles WH, Mensah GA (2001) Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998. Circulation 104:2158–2163
Štítky
Patológia Súdne lekárstvo ToxikológiaČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Česko-slovenská patologie
2010 Číslo 2
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Fibroblasty – buňky známé či neznámé?
- Nálezy ve sliznici tlustého střeva po orálním podání fosforečnanu sodného v přípravě před kolonoskopií. Morfologické změny napodobující kolitidu
- Jaká je vaše diagnóza?
- Prof. MUDr. Jozef Babala, CSc. – k nedožitým osemdesiatinám