Possibilities for laboratory diagnosis of leptospiroses

Česká verzia

Authors: J. Perželová; J. Jareková; M. Kotrbancová; M. Špaleková
Authors place of work: Ústav epidemiológie Lekárskej fakulty Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave, Slovenská republika
Published in the journal: Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol. 66, 2017, č. 3, s. 140-145
Category: Souhrnné sdělení

Summary

Leptospiroses are worldwide spread zoonoses caused by hydrophilic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Humans can be infected by contact with an infected animal or indirectly via staying in a contaminated environment (water, wet soil), in natural foci, while working outdoors, or while doing outdoor sport and leisure activities. Leptospirosis may manifest as a mild flu-like illness or in a severe febrile form (meningitis, pulmonary haemorrhage, hepato-renal syndrome, or myocarditis). Presented are the laboratory diagnostic methods for leptospiroses with their advantages and disadvantages. In practice, serological diagnosis by the microscopic agglutination test, which is also a confirmatory test, and, less often, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are used. Methods of molecular biology are being introduced for direct rapid diagnosis of leptospiroses, in particular the polymerase chain reaction and its modifications, which allow the detection of Leptospira infection in acute phase.

KEYWORDS:
Leptospirosis – diagnosis – microscopic agglutination test – enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – polymerase chain reaction

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