Prevalence of pectus excavatum (PE), pectus carinatum (PC), tracheal hypoplasia, thoracic spine deformities and lateral heart displacement in thoracic radiographs of screw-tailed brachycephalic dogs
Autoři:
Renata Komsta aff001; Zbigniew Osiński aff002; Piotr Dębiak aff001; Piotr Twardowski aff001; Barbara Lisiak aff001
Působiště autorů:
Laboratory for Radiology and Ultrasonography Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Lublin, Poland
aff001; National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
aff002
Vyšlo v časopise:
PLoS ONE 14(10)
Kategorie:
Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223642
Souhrn
Pectus excavatum, thoracic spine deformities, tracheal hypoplasia and lateral heart displacement are frequently described in brachycephalic dog breeds. Pectus carinatum is described sporadically, although the authors' observations demonstrate that it may occur in certain brachycephalic dog breeds. It was hypothesised that dogs of screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds carry a greater risk of these anomalies than normal-tailed brachycephalic breeds, and that there could a relation between the presence of pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum and thoracic spine deformities, tracheal hypoplasia and lateral heart displacement. During retrospective studies, these anomalies were identified in lateral and dorso-ventral radiographs of the thorax in brachycephalic dog breeds. A statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of pectus excavatum occurrence in screw-tailed and normal-tailed brachycephalic dog breeds is similar. The greatest risk of pectus excavatum occurrence is carried by two breeds: Maltese (60%) and English Bulldog (58%), while for pectus carinatum: Pug (41%) and French Bulldog (18%). Dogs of screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds carry a greater risk of kyphosis (p < 0.0001), tracheal hypoplasia occurrence (p < 0.0001), compared to "normal-tailed" breeds. The hypothesis concerning a relation between the presence of pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum and the other anomalies studied was not confirmed (p > 0.05). It was demonstrated that in dogs of brachycephalic breeds there was a greater risk of co-incidence between kyphosis of the thoracic spine and lateral heart displacement (p = 0.038), as well as kyphosis of the thoracic spine and tracheal hypoplasia (p = 0.003).
Klíčová slova:
Pets and companion animals – Dogs – Spine – Vertebrae – Veterinary diagnostics – Kyphosis
Zdroje
1. Fossum TW: Surgery of the Lower Respiratory System: Lungs and Thoracic Wall. In: Fossum TW editor. Small Animal Surgery.3 ed. St Louis: Mosby; 2007; p. 867–895.
2. Suter PF: Lesions of the thoracic wall, extraplural diseases. In: Suter PF, Lord PF, editors. Thoracic radiography: a text atlas of thoracic diseases of the dog and cat. Wettswil: Suter; 1984; p. 161–177.
3. Hassan EA, Hassan MH, Torad FA. Correlation between clinical severity and type and degree of pectus excavatum in twelve brachycepalic dogs. J.Vet. Med. Sci, 2018;80(5):766–771. doi: 10.1292/jvms.17-0518 29593167
4. Adamovich-Rippe KN, Culp WTN. Chest Wall Disease: Pectus Excavatum In: Lillian R. Aronson Editor. Small Animal Surgical Emergencies. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2016. p. 355–361.
5. Singh M, Parrah JD, Moulvi BA, Athar H, Kalim MO, Dedmari FH. A Review on Pectus Excavatum in Canines: A Congenital Anomaly. IJVS. 2013; 8(1); 59–64.
6. Cho S, Hong S, Chung Y, Kim O. Radiological assessment of pectus excavatum in a Pekingese dog. Korean J Vet Serv. 2012; 35(3):251–254.
7. Rahal SC, Filho MM, Hatschbach E, Machado VM, Aptekmann KP, Corrêa TP. Pectus excavatum in two littermate dogs. Can Vet J. 2008;49:880–884. 19043484
8. Kurosawa TA, Ruth JD, Steurer J, Austin B, Heng HG. Imaging diagnosis—acquired pectus excavatum secondary to laryngeal paralysis in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 2012; 53(3):329–332. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01898.x 22145690
9. Souza DB, Andrade Júnior PSC, Mariano CMA, Costa FS, Abílio EJ. Pectus carinatum in a dog. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 2009;61(1):276–279.
10. Kravarusic D, Dicken BJ, Dewar R, Harder J, Poncet P, Schneider M, et al. The Calgary protocol for bracing of pectus carinatum: a preliminary report. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 2006; 41:923–926. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.01.058 16677884
11. Kutluk A. Congenital chest wall deformities. The Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery. 2017; 28(3):195–204.
12. Saxena AK, Willital GH. Surgical repair of pectus carinatum. Int Surg 1999;4:326–330.
13. Guevar J, Penderis J, Faller K, Yeamans C, Stalin C, Gutierrez-Quintana R: Computer-Assisted Radiographic Calculation of Spinal Curvature in Brachycephalic ‘‘Screw-Tailed” Dog Breeds with Congenital Thoracic Vertebral Malformations: Reliability and Clinical Evaluation. PLOS ONE. 2014 Sep 8;9(9):e106957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106957 25198374
14. Ryan R, Gutierrez-Quintana R, ter Haar G, De Decker S. Prevalence of thoracic vertebral malformations in French bulldogs, Pugs and English bulldogs with and without associated neurological deficits, The Veterinary Journal. 2017;221:25–29. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.01.018 28283076
15. Boudrieau RJ, Fossum TW, Harstfield SM. Pectus excavatum in dogs and cats. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian. 1990; 12:341–355.
16. Ellison G, Halling KB. Atypical pectus excavatum in two Welsh terrier littermates. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2004; 45:311–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00242.x 15206478
17. Inglez de Souza MC, Ryan R, Haar G, Packer RMA, Volk HA, De Decker S. Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018 Jan 14(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12917-017-1316-9 29304802
18. Fon Gt, Pit MJ, Thies AC. Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. AJR 1980; 134:979–983. doi: 10.2214/ajr.134.5.979 6768276
19. Harvey CE, Fink EA. Tracheal diameter: Analysis of radiographic measurements in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1982; 18:570–576.
20. Hayward N, Schwarz T, Weisse Ch. The trachea. In Schwarz T, Johndson V, editors. BSAVA Canine and Feline Thoracic Imaging., Gloucaster: BSAVA; 2008. p. 213–227.
21. Rothman K.J. Epidemiology An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2002.
22. Jewell NP. Statistics for Epidemiology. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC. 2004.
23. Martin SW, Meek AH, Willeberg P, editors. Veterinary Epidemiology Principles and Methods. Iowa: Iowa State University Press, Ames; 1987.
24. Stevenson M, Nunes T, Sanchez J, Thornton R, Reiczigel J, Robison-Cox J, et al. An R package for the anlysis of epidemiological data. Package ‘epiR’. EpiCentre, IVABS, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand 2012, p. 74.
25. R Core Team (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.URL https://www.R-project.org/.
26. Ntzoufras I. Bayesian Modeling Using WinBUGS. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.
27. Greenacre M. Correspondence analysis in medical research. Statistical methods in medical research, 1992;199:97–117 https://doi.org/10.1177/096228029200100106.
28. Han L, Benseler SM, Tyrrell PN. Cluster and Multiple Correspondence Analyses in Rheumatology: Paths to Uncovering Relationships in a Sea of Data, Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 2018;44(2):349–60. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2018.01.013 29622301
29. Sourial N, Wolfson C, Zhu B, Quail J, Fletcher J, Karunananthan S et al. Correspondence analysis is a useful tool to uncover the relationships among categorical variables. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2010;63(6):638–646. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.08.008 19896800
30. Fossum TW, Boudrieau R J, Hobson H P, Rudy R L. Surgical correction of pectus excavatum, using external splintage in two dogs and a cat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 1989 Aug; 195(1):91–7. 2759902
31. Crigel MH, Moissonnier P. Pectus excavatum surgically repaired using sternum realignment and splint techniques in a young cat. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2005; 46:352–356. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00332.x 16041862
32. Charlesworth TM, Sturgess CP. Increased incidence of thoracic wall deformities in related Bengal kittens. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2012; 14(6):365–368. doi: 10.1177/1098612X12437351 22311892
33. Fossum TW, Boudrieau RJ, Hobson HP. Pectus excavatum in eight dogs and six cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1989; 25:595–605.
34. Mak SM, Bhaludin BN, Naaseri S, Di Chiara F, Jordan S, Padley S, Imaging of congenital chest wall deformities. Br J Radiol. 2016 May 89;(1061). doi: 10.1259/bjr.20150595
35. Martins DB, Rietjen LH, Petrochi D. Pectus carinatum em um cão. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2014;42(Suppl 1): 1–4. Spanish.
36. Charalambous M, Jeffery ND, Smith PM, Goncalves R, Barker A, Hayes G, Ives E, Vanhaesebrouck AE et al. Surgical treatment of dorsal hemivertebrae associated with kyphosis by spinal segmental stabilisation, with or without decompression. The Veterinary Journal. 2014; 202:267–273. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.011 25241946
37. Meola SD. Brachycephalic airway syndrome. Top Companion Anim. Med. 2013; 28: 91–96. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2013.06.004 24182996
38. Coyne BE, Fingland RB. Hypoplasia of the trachea in dogs: 103 cases (1974–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1992 Sep 1;201(5):768–72. 1399783
39. Suter PF: Cardiac Diseases. In: Suter PF, Lord PF editors. Thoracic radiography: a text atlas of thoracic diseases of the dog and cat. Wettswil: Suter; 1984; p.350–515.
40. Suter PF: Diseases of the Nasal Cavity, Larynx, and Trachea. In: Suter PF, Lord PF editors. Thoracic radiography: a text atlas of thoracic diseases of the dog and cat. Wettswil: Suter; 1984; p.206–252.
41. Tauchi R, Kawakami N, Tsuji T, Ohara T, Suzuki Y, Saito T, et al. Evaluation of thoracic factors after scoliosis surgery in patients with both scoliosis and pectus excavatum. Eur Spine J. 2018;27(2):381–387. doi: 10.1007/s00586-016-4753-4 27568387
Článok vyšiel v časopise
PLOS One
2019 Číslo 10
- Metamizol jako analgetikum první volby: kdy, pro koho, jak a proč?
- Nejasný stín na plicích – kazuistika
- Masturbační chování žen v ČR − dotazníková studie
- Těžké menstruační krvácení může značit poruchu krevní srážlivosti. Jaký management vyšetření a léčby je v takovém případě vhodný?
- Fixní kombinace paracetamol/kodein nabízí synergické analgetické účinky
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Correction: Low dose naltrexone: Effects on medication in rheumatoid and seropositive arthritis. A nationwide register-based controlled quasi-experimental before-after study
- Combining CDK4/6 inhibitors ribociclib and palbociclib with cytotoxic agents does not enhance cytotoxicity
- Experimentally validated simulation of coronary stents considering different dogboning ratios and asymmetric stent positioning
- Risk factors associated with IgA vasculitis with nephritis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis) progressing to unfavorable outcomes: A meta-analysis