Interpreting the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) Findings on Sanitation, Hygiene, and Diarrhea

English version České info

In this Perspective on the GEMS study by Kelly Baker and colleagues, Jonny Crocker and Jamie Bartram consider the implications of associations found and not found between diarrheal disease and sanitation and hygiene.

Vyšlo v časopise: Interpreting the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) Findings on Sanitation, Hygiene, and Diarrhea. PLoS Med 13(5): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002011
Kategorie: Perspective
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002011

Souhrn

Zdroje

1. United Nations. Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability [Internet]. 2011. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/environ.shtml

2. World Health Organization. Drinking-water, sanitation and health. Sixty-Fourth World Heal Assem WHA 6424. 2011; http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA64-REC1/A64_REC1-en.pdf

3. UN General Assembly. Draft outcome document of the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda. 2015. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560103.003.0005

4. WHO/UNICEF. Progress on drinking water and sanitatation: 2014 update. Geneva, Switzerland; 2014.

5. Prüss-Ustün A, Bartram J, Clasen TF, Colford JM, Cumming O, Curtis VA, et al. Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene in low -⁠ and middle-income settings: a retrospective analysis of data from 145 countries. Trop Med Int Heal. 2014;19 : 894–905. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12329

6. Dangour AD, Watson L, Cumming O, Boisson S, Che Y, Velleman Y, et al. Interventions to improve water quality and supply, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their effects on the nutritional status of children (review). Cochrane Libr. 2013; 99 pp.

7. Lin A, Arnold BF, Afreen S, Goto R, Huda TMN, Haque R, et al. Household environmental conditions are associated with enteropathy and impaired growth in rural Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;89 : 130–137. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0629 23629931

8. Rah JH, Cronin AA, Badgaiyan B, Aguayo VM, Coates S, Ahmed S. Household sanitation and personal hygiene practices are associated with child stunting in rural India: a cross-sectional analysis of surveys. BMJ Open. 2015;5: e005180. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005180 25678539

9. Spears D, Ghosh A, Cumming O. Open defecation and childhood stunting in India: an ecological analysis of new data from 112 districts. PLoS ONE. 2013;8. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073784

10. Spears D. How much international variation in child height can sanitation explain? [Internet]. Washington, DC; 2013. Report No.: 6351. https://openknowledge.worldbank.com/bitstream/handle/10986/13163/wps6351.pdf?sequence=1

11. Schmidt W-P. The elusive effect of water and sanitation on the global burden of disease. Trop Med Int Heal. 2014;19 : 522–527. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12286

12. Baker KK, O’Reilly CE, Kotloff KL, Levine MM, Nataro JP, Ayers TL, et al. Sanitation and hygiene-specific risk factors for moderate-to-severe diarrhea in young children in the global enteric multicenter study, 2007–2011: case-control study. PLoS Med. 2016;

13. Coffey D, Gupta A, Hathi P, Khurana N, Spears D, Srivastav N, et al. Revealed preference for open defecation: evidence from a new survey in rural north India. Econ Polit Wkly. 2014;49 : 43–55. http://www.epw.in/journal/2014/38/special-articles/revealed-preference-open-defecation.html

14. Rukmini S. Survey secrets: how the type of question asked affects survey findings. The Hindu. 2015 : 1–2. http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/blogs/blog-datadelve/article6688851.ece

15. Greene LE, Freeman MC, Akoko D, Saboori S, Moe CL, Rheingans RD. Impact of a school-based hygiene promotion and sanitation intervention on pupil hand contamination in western Kenya: a cluster randomized trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87 : 385–393. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11–0633 22802437

16. Geruso M, Spears D. Neighborhood sanitation and infant mortality [Internet]. National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, MA; 2015. Report No.: 21184. http://www.nber.org/papers/w21184

17. MAL-ED Network Investigators. The MAL-ED study: a multinational and multidisciplinary approach to understand the relationship between enteric pathogens, malnutrition, gut physiology, growth, cognitive development and immune responses in infants/children in resource poor environments. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59: S193–206. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu653 25305287

18. Pickering AJ, Alzua ML. Correspondence: Are studies underestimating the effects of sanitation on child nutrition?–Authors’ reply. Lancet Glob Heal. 2016;4: e160. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00296-X

19. WHO, UNICEF. JMP green paper: global monitoring of water, sanitation and hygiene post-2015. 2015; http://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMP-Green-Paper-15-Oct-2015.pdf

20. Jenkins MW, Curtis VA. Achieving the “good life”: why some people want latrines in rural Benin. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61 : 2446–2459. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953605002078 15949883

21. Mahon T, Fernandes M. Menstrual hygiene in South Asia: a neglected issue for WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) programmes. Gend Dev. 2010;18 : 99–113. doi: 10.1080/13552071003600083