Inter-pregnancy Weight Change and Risks of Severe Birth-Asphyxia-Related Outcomes in Singleton Infants Born at Term: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study

1. Heslehurst N, Simpson H, Ells LJ, Rankin J, Wilkinson J, et al. (2008) The impact of maternal BMI status on pregnancy outcomes with immediate short-term obstetric resource implications: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev 9: 635–683. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2008.00511.x 18673307

2. Yogev Y, Catalano PM (2009) Pregnancy and obesity. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 36: 285–300. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2009.03.003 19501314

3. Marchi J, Berg M, Dencker A, Olander EK, Begley C (2015) Risks associated with obesity in pregnancy, for the mother and baby: a systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev 16: 621–638. doi: 10.1111/obr.12288 26016557

4. Sebire NJ, Jolly M, Harris JP, Wadsworth J, Joffe M, et al. (2001) Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287,213 pregnancies in London. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25: 1175–1182. 11477502

5. Johansson S, Villamor E, Altman M, Bonamy AK, Granath F, et al. (2014) Maternal overweight and obesity in early pregnancy and risk of infant mortality: a population based cohort study in Sweden. BMJ 349: g6572. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g6572 25467170

6. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM (2013) Prevalence of obesity among adults: United States, 2011–2012. NCHS Data Brief 131: 1–8. 24152742

7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization (2014) Second international conference on nutrition. Rome, 19–21 November 2014. Conference outcome document: Rome declaration on nutrition. Available: http://www.fao.org/3/a-ml542e.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2015.

8. Persson M, Johansson S, Villamor E, Cnattingius S (2014) Maternal overweight and obesity and risks of severe birth-asphyxia-related complications in term infants: a population-based cohort study in Sweden. PLoS Med 11: e1001648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001648 24845218

9. Persson M, Pasupathy D, Hanson U, Westgren M, Norman M (2012) Pre-pregnancy body mass index and the risk of adverse outcome in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2: e000601. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000601 22334581

10. Cnattingius S, Villamor E, Johansson S, Edstedt Bonamy AK, Persson M, et al. (2013) Maternal obesity and risk of preterm delivery. JAMA 309: 2362–2370. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.6295 23757084

11. Nohr EA, Vaeth M, Bech BH, Henriksen TB, Cnattingius S, et al. (2007) Maternal obesity and neonatal mortality according to subtypes of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 110: 1083–1090. 17978123

12. Hogan L, Ingemarsson I, Thorngren-Jerneck K, Herbst A (2007) How often is a low 5-min Apgar score in term newborns due to asphyxia? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 130: 169–175. 16621222

13. Centre for Epidemiology (2003)The Swedish Medical Birth Register—a summary of content and quality. Stockholm: Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.

14. Ludvigsson JF, Otterblad-Olausson P, Pettersson BU, Ekbom A (2009) The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research. Eur J Epidemiol 24: 659–667. doi: 10.1007/s10654-009-9350-y 19504049

15. World Health Organization (2015) Global database on body mass index. Available: http://apps.who.int/bmi/. Accessed 5 May 2015.

16. Hogberg U, Larsson N (1997) Early dating by ultrasound and perinatal outcome. A cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 76: 907–912. 9435727

17. Villamor E, Cnattingius S (2006) Interpregnancy weight change and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based study. Lancet 368: 1164–1170. 17011943

18. Getahun D, Ananth CV, Peltier MR, Salihu HM, Scorza WE (2007) Changes in prepregnancy body mass index between the first and second pregnancies and risk of large-for-gestational-age birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196: 530.e1–8.

19. Getahun D, Ananth CV, Oyelese Y, Chavez MR, Kirby RS, et al. (2007) Primary preeclampsia in the second pregnancy: effects of changes in prepregnancy body mass index between pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 110: 1319–1325. 18055727

20. Getahun D, Kaminsky LM, Elsasser DA, Kirby RS, Ananth CV, et al. (2007) Changes in prepregnancy body mass index between pregnancies and risk of primary cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197: 376.e1–7.

21. Bogaerts A, Van den Bergh BR, Ameye L, Witters I, Martens E, et al. (2013) Interpregnancy weight change and risk for adverse perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 122: 999–1009. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a7f63e 24104777

22. Whiteman VE, Rao K, Duan J, Alio A, Marty PJ, et al. (2011) Changes in prepregnancy body mass index between pregnancies and risk of preterm phenotypes. Am J Perinatol 28: 67–74. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1262905 20640971

23. Cnattingius S, Villamor E (2015) Weight change between successive pregnancies and risks of stillbirth and infant mortality: a nationwide cohort study. Lancet 387: 558–565. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00990-3 26651225

24. Ramsay JE, Ferrell WR, Crawford L, Wallace AM, Greer IA, et al. (2002) Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of metabolic, vascular, and inflammatory pathways. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 4231–4237. 12213876

25. Jarvie E, Hauguel-de-Mouzon S, Nelson SM, Sattar N, Catalano PM, et al. (2010) Lipotoxicity in obese pregnancy and its potential role in adverse pregnancy outcome and obesity in the offspring. Clin Sci (Lond) 119: 123–129.

26. Santacruz A, Collado MC, Garcia-Valdes L, Segura MT, Martin-Lagos JA, et al. (2010) Gut microbiota composition is associated with body weight, weight gain and biochemical parameters in pregnant women. Br J Nutr 104: 83–92. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510000176 20205964

27. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group (2010) Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study: associations with maternal body mass index. BJOG 117: 575–584. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02486.x 20089115

28. Philipps AF, Widness JA, Garcia JF, Raye JR, Schwartz R (1982) Erythropoietin elevation in the chronically hyperglycemic fetal lamb. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 170: 42–47. 7043470

29. Stonestreet BS, Widness JA, Berard DJ (1995) Circulatory and metabolic effects of hypoxia in the hyperinsulinemic ovine fetus. Pediatr Res 38: 67–75. 7478799

30. Teramo KA, Widness JA (2009) Increased fetal plasma and amniotic fluid erythropoietin concentrations: markers of intrauterine hypoxia. Neonatology 95: 105–116. doi: 10.1159/000153094 18776724

31. Widness JA, Teramo KA, Clemons GK, Voutilainen P, Stenman UH, et al. (1990) Direct relationship of antepartum glucose control and fetal erythropoietin in human type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic pregnancy. Diabetologia 33: 378–383. 2199280

32. Zhang X, Decker A, Platt RW, Kramer MS (2008) How big is too big? The perinatal consequences of fetal macrosomia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 198: 517.e1–6.

33. Persson M, Norman M, Hanson U (2009) Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: a large, population-based study. Diabetes Care 32: 2005–2009. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0656 19675195

34. Ferrazzani S, Luciano R, Garofalo S, D’Andrea V, De Carolis S, et al. (2011) Neonatal outcome in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Early Hum Dev 87: 445–449. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.03.005 21497462

35. Sewell MF, Huston-Presley L, Amini SB, Catalano PM (2007) Body mass index: a true indicator of body fat in obese gravidas. J Reprod Med 52: 907–911. 17977164

36. Linne Y, Neovius M (2006) Identification of women at risk of adverse weight development following pregnancy. Int J Obes (Lond) 30: 1234–1239.

37. Amorim AR, Rossner S, Neovius M, Lourenco PM, Linne Y (2007) Does excess pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI? Obesity (Silver Spring) 15: 1278–1286.

38. Carter BS, Haverkamp AD, Merenstein GB (1993) The definition of acute perinatal asphyxia. Clin Perinatol 20: 287–304. 8358952

39. Scott-Pillai R, Spence D, Cardwell CR, Hunter A, Holmes VA (2013) The impact of body mass index on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a retrospective study in a UK obstetric population, 2004–2011. BJOG 120: 932–939. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12193 23530609

40. Chen M, McNiff C, Madan J, Goodman E, Davis JM, et al. (2010) Maternal obesity and neonatal Apgar scores. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 23: 89–95. doi: 10.3109/14767050903168440 19670044

41. Moster D, Lie RT, Irgens LM, Bjerkedal T, Markestad T (2001) The association of Apgar score with subsequent death and cerebral palsy: a population-based study in term infants. J Pediatr 138: 798–803. 11391319

42. Iliodromiti S, Mackay DF, Smith GC, Pell JP, Nelson SM (2014) Apgar score and the risk of cause-specific infant mortality: a population-based cohort study. Lancet 384: 1749–1755. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61135-1 25236409

43. Catlin EA, Carpenter MW, Brann BSt, Mayfield SR, Shaul PW, et al. (1986) The Apgar score revisited: influence of gestational age. J Pediatr 109: 865–868. 3772665