Historical overview of fluid therapy

Česká verzia

Authors: M. Kříž ¹; J. Raděj ^1,2; M. Nalos ^1,2,3
Authors place of work: I. interní klinika FN Plzeň a LF UK ¹; Biomedicínské centrum LF UK, Plzeň ²; Dept. of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, University of Sydney, Australia ³
Published in the journal: Anest. intenziv. Med., 31, 2020, č. 1-2, s. 23-29
Category: Review Articles

Summary

Management of intravenous fluid therapy has been part of clinical practice for more than 180 years. During that time, the development of fluid composition, the procedures for their application and the understanding of the respective physiology went through many milestones. Even nowadays, the evolution is not over. Further research should aim to fill in the gaps of knowledge on this issue, to verify current findings and to optimize prescription in the treatment of specific groups of critically ill patients. It will be crucial, to find credible evidence for optimal composition, dose, and timing of fluid therapy in intensive care. In this review article, we focus on the key lessons in the history of fluid therapy to enlighten the readers with the development of fluid therapy, prescribing practices, and the impact of recent findings on the conceptual changes in the management of fluid therapy in the critically ill.

Keywords:

history – fluid therapy – fluid resuscitation – crystalloids – colloids

Zdroje

1. Underwood EA. The history of cholera in Great Britain. Proc R Soc Med. 1948; 41(3): 165–173.

2. Edited by Wakley T. History of the rise, progress, ravages, etc. of the blue cholera of India. The Lancet 1831–1832 in two volumes. The Lancet. 1831; 19: 241–284.

3. O’Shaughnessy WB. Chemical pathology of cholera. The Lancet. 1832; 18(456): 225–232.

4. O’Shaughnessy WB. Report on the chemical pathology of the malignant cholera: containing analyses of the blood, dejections, &c. of patients labouring under that disease in Newcastle and London, &c. London: Highley; 1832.

5. Cosnett JE. The origins of intravenous fluid therapy. The Lancet. 1989; 1(8641): 768–771.

6. Latta T. Malignant cholera. Documents communicated by the Central Board of Health, London, relative to the treatment of cholera by the copious injection of aqueous and saline fluids into the veins. The Lancet. 1832; 18(457): 274–277.

7. Awad S, Allison SP, Lobo DN. The history of 0.9% saline. Clinical Nutrition. 2008; 27(2): 179–188.

8. Lewins R. Latest Communication from Dr. Lewins to the Secretary of the Central Board of Health. The Lancet. 1832; 18(457): 280.

9. Lewins R. Results of the injection practice in the Drummond Street hospital, Edinburgh. The Lancet. 1832; 18(457): 277.

10. Mackintosh J. Principles of pathology and practice of physic. 4th ed. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green. 1836; 405–416.

11. Jennings CE. The intra -venous injection of fluid for severe haemorrhage. The Lancet. 1882; 120(3081): 436–437.

12. Ringer S. A further Contribution regarding the influence of the different Constituents of the Blood on the Contraction of the Heart. J Physiol. 1883; 4(1): 29–42. 3.

13. Hamburger HJ. A discourse on permeability in physiology and pathology. The Lancet. 1921; 198(5125): 1039–1045.

14. Evans GH. The abuse of normal salt solution. JAMA. 1911; LVII(27): 2126–2127.

15. Hartmann AF, Senn MJ. Studies in the metabolism of sodium r-lactate. I. Response of normal human subjects to the intravenous injection of sodium r-lactate. J Clin Invest. 1932; 11(2): 327–335.

16. Yunos NM, Bellomo R, Hegarty C, Story D, Ho L, Bailey M. Association between a chloride-liberal vs chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid administration strategy and kidney injury in critically ill adults. JAMA. 2012; 308(15): 1566–1572.

17. Handy JM, Soni N. Physiological effects of hyperchloraemia and acidosis. British journal of anaesthesia. 2008; 101(2): 141–150.

18. Neto AS, Loeches IM, Klanderman RB, Silva RF, Gama de Abreu M, Pelosi P, Schultz MJ. Balanced versus isotonic saline resuscitation – a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in operation rooms and intensive care units. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2017; 5(16): 323–323.

19. Hogan JJ. The intravenous use of colloidal (gelatin) solutions in shock. JAMA. 1915; LXIV(9): 721–726.

20. Caironi P, Gattinoni L. The clinical use of albumin: the point of view of a specialist in intensive care. Blood Transfus. 2009; 7(4): 259–267.

21. Grönwall A, Ingelman B. The Introduction of Dextran as a Plasma Substitute. Vox Sanguinis. 1984; 47(1): 96–99.

22. Clemmesen C, Nilsson E. Therapeutic trends in the treatment of barbiturate poisoning. The Scandinavian method. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1961; 2: 220–229.

23. Kirkegaard A. Secondary Circulatory Shock in Rats with Severe Barbituric Acid Poisoning. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. 1952; 8(4): 315–328.

24. Nilsson E, Eyrich B. On Treatment of Barbiturate Poisoning. Acta Medica Scandinavica. 1950; 137(6): 381–389.

25. Ibsen B. From anaesthesia to anaesthesiology. Personal experiences in Copenhagen during the past 25 years. Chapter V The polio epidemic. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1975; 61: 21–28.

26. Shoemaker WC, Schluchter M, Hopkins JA, Appel PL, Schwartz S, Chang PC. Comparison of the relative effectiveness of colloids and crystalloids in emergency resuscitation. Am J Surg. 1981; 142(1): 73–84.

27. Alexander B, Odake K, Lawlor D, Swanger M. Coagulation, hemostasis, and plasma expanders: a quarter century enigma. Fed Proc. 1975; 34(6): 1429–1440.

28. Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, Tenhunen J, Klemenzson G, Åneman A, et al. Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer’s Acetate in Severe Sepsis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2012; 367(2): 124–134.

29. Bellmann R, Feistritzer C, Wiedermann CJ. Effect of molecular weight and substitution on tissue uptake of hydroxyethyl starch: a meta -analysis of clinical studies. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012; 51(4): 225–236.

30. Westphal M, James MFM, Kozek -Langenecker S, Stocker R, Guidet, B, Van Aken H. Hydroxyethyl Starches. Anesthesiology. 2009; 111(1): 187–202.

31. Berger A. Cochrane Injuries Group Albumin Reviewers: Human albumin administration in critically ill patients: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 1998; 317(7153): 235–240.

32. Finfer S, Bellomo R, Boyce N, French J, Myburgh J, Norton R. The SAFE Study Investigators: A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(22): 2247–2256.

33. Caironi P, Tognoni G, Masson S, Fumagalli R, Pesenti A, Romero M, et al. Albumin Replacement in Patients with Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014; 370(15): 1412–1421.

34. Myburgh J, Cooper DJ, Finfer S, Bellomo R, Norton R, Bishop N, et al. Saline or Albumin for Fluid Resuscitation in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007; 357(9): 874–884.

35. Brunkhorst F, Engel Ch, Bloos F, Meier -Hellmann A, Ragaller M, Weiler N, et al. Intensive Insulin Therapy and Pentastarch Resuscitation in Severe Sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(2): 125–139.

36. Myburgh JA, Finfer S, Bellomo R, Billot L, Cass A, Gattas D… Webb SAR. Hydroxyethyl Starch or Saline for Fluid Resuscitation in Intensive Care. N Engl J Med. 2012; 367(20): 1901–1911.

37. Annane D. Effects of Fluid Resuscitation With Colloids vs Crystalloids on Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Presenting With Hypovolemic Shock. JAMA. 2013; 310(17): 1809.

38. Annane D, Fuchs -Buder T, Zoellner C, Kaukonen M, Scheeren TWL. EMA recommendation to suspend HES is hazardous. The Lancet. 2018; 391(10122): 736–738.

39. Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot -Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364: 2483–2495.

40. Andrews B, Semler MW, Muchemwa L, Kelly P, Lakhi S, Heimburger DC, Mabula C, Bwalya M, Bernard GR. Effect of an Early Resuscitation Protocol on In -hospital Mortality Among Adults With Sepsis and Hypotension: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017; 318: 1233–1240.

41. Hjortrup PB, Haase N, Bundgaard H, Thomsen SL, Winding R, Pettila V, Aaen A, Lodahl D, Berthelsen RE, Christensen H, Madsen MB, Winkel P, Wetterslev J, Perner A. Restricting volumes of resuscitation fluid in adults with septic shock after initial management: the CLASSIC randomised, parallel -group, multicentre feasibility trial. Intensive Care Med. 2016; 42(11): 1695–1705.

42. Silversides JA, Major E, Ferguson AJ, Mann EE, McAuley DF, Marshall JC, et al. Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta -analysis. Intensive Care Medicine. 2017; 43(2): 155–170.

43. Meyhoff TS, Hjortrup PB, Møller MH, Wetterslev J, Lange T, Kjaer MN, et al. Conservative vs liberal fluid therapy in septic shock (CLASSIC) trial-Protocol and statistical analysis plan. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019; 63(9): 1262–1271.

44. Hippensteel JA, Uchimido R, Tyler PD, Burke RC, Han X, Zhang F, et al. Intravenous fluid resuscitation is associated with septic endothelial glycocalyx degradation. Crit Care. 2019; 23(1): 259.

45. Yunos NM, Bellomo R, Story D, Kellum J. Bench -to -bedside review: Chloride in critical illness. Crit Care. 2010; 14(4): 226.

46. Nadeem A, Salahuddin N, El Hazmi A, Joseph M, Bohlega B, Sallam H, et al. Chloride- -liberal fluids are associated with acute kidney injury after liver transplantation. Crit Care. 2014; 18(6): 625.

47. Martin G, Bennett -Guererro E, Wakeling H, Mythen MG, El -Moalem H, Robertson K, Kucmeroski D, Gan TJ. A prospective, randomized comparison of thromboelastographic coagulation profile in patients receiving lactated Ringer’s solution, 6% hetastarch in a balanced-saline vehicle, or 6% hetastarch in saline during major surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2002; 16(4): 441–446.

48. Kellum JA, Song M, Venkataraman R. Effects of hyperchloremic acidosis on arterial pressure and circulating inflammatory molecules in experimental sepsis. Chest. 2004; 125(1): 243–248.

49. Nalos M, Leverve X, Huang S, Weisbrodt L, Parkin R, Seppelt I, Ting I, Mclean A. Half-molar sodium lactate infusion improves cardiac performance in acute heart failure: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial. Crit Care. 2014; 25; 18(2): R48.

50. Semler MW, Self WH, Wanderer JP, Ehrenfeld JM, Wang L, Byrne DW, et al. Balanced Crystalloids versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018; 378(9): 829–839.

51. Matějovič M, Horák J, Harazim M, Karvunidis T, Raděj J, Novák I. Tekutinová léčba u akutních stavů pro neintenzivisty. Vnitř Lék. 2019; 65(3): 187–192.