Debate over the Recommendations of the American Heart Association on the Effects of Fat on Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors:
Jiří Brát
Authors place of work:
Vím, co jím a piju o. p. s.
Published in the journal:
AtheroRev 2017; 2(3): 198-203
Category:
Summary
In 2017 the American Heart Association (AHA) published a summary of the current knowledge about the effects of ingested fats on cardiovascular disease. There is a debate going on in the specialist circles as well in the media over the conclusions of its recommendations. The author looks for and explains the causes of differences between the results of various meta-analyses and summarizes the evolution of knowledge about the effects of fatty acids on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
Key words:
fats, meta-analysis, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, transfatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids
Zdroje
1. Sacks FM, Lichtenstein AH, Wu JHY et al. Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2017; 136(3): e1-e23. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510>.
2. Teicholz N. The Big Fat Surprise: Simon & Schuster: New York 2014. ISBN 978–1-4516–2443–4.
3. Teicholz N. The scientific report guiding the US dietary guidelines: is it scientific? BMJ 2015; 351: h4962. Dostupné z DOI: <https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4962>.
4. Teicholz N, Thorn E. Saturated Fats and CVD: AHA Convicts, We Say Acquit. Medscape 2017. Dostupné z WWW: <http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/882564>.
5. Woodhill JM, Palmer AJ, Leelarthaepin B et al. Low fat, low cholesterol diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 1978; 109: 317–330.
6. Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Leelarthaepin B et al. Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 346: e8707. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1136/bmj.e8707>.
7. Frantz ID, Dawson EA, Ashman PL et al. Test of effect of lipid lowering by diet on cardiovascular risk. The Minnesota coronary survey. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9(1): 129–135.
8. Turpeinen O, Karvonen MJ, Pekkarinen M et al. Dietary prevention of coronary heart disease: the Finnish Mental Hospital Study. Int J Epidemiol 1979; 8(2): 99–118.
9. Praagman J, Beulens JWJ, Alssema M et al. The association between dietary saturated fatty acids and ischemic heart disease depends on the type and source of fatty acid in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Netherlands cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103(2): 356–365.
10. Prentice RL, Caan B, Chlebowski RT et al. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer The Women‘s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 2006; 295(6): 629–642.
11. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91(3): 535–546.
12. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Saturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Modulation by Replacement Nutrients. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12(6): 384–390.
13. Chowdhury R. Saturated fatty acids and cardiometabolic risk – a fresh look at the available evidence. Oils and Fats International Congress, Kuala Lumpur, 21.10.2016.
14. Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S et al. Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2014; 160(6): 398–406.
15. Mente A, Koning L, Shannon HS, Anand SS. A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169(7): 659–669.
16. Harcombe Z, Baker JS, Cooper SM et al. Evidence from randomised controlled trials did not support the introduction of dietary fat guidelines in 1977 and 1983: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart 2015; 2(1): e000196. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2014–000196>.
17. Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A et al. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015: Cd011737. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011737>.
18. Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Long-term effects of low-fat diets either low or high in protein on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2013; 12: 48. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1186/1475–2891–12–48>.
19. de Souza RJ, Mente A, Maroleanu A, et al. Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 2015; 351: h3978. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1136/bmj.h3978>.
20. Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A et al. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015:Cd011737. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011737>.
21. Jakobsen MU, O’Reilly EJ, Heitmann BL et al. Major types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies. Am J Clin Nut 2009; 89(5): 1425–1432.
22. Farvid MS, Ding M, Pan A et al. Dietary linoleic acid and risk of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Circulation 2014; 130(18): 1568–1578.
23. Skeaff CM, Miller J. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: Summary of evidence from prospective cohort and randomised controlled trials. Ann Nutr Metab 2009; 55(1–3): 173–201.
24. Mozaffarian D, Micha R, Wallace S. Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2010; 7(3): e1000252. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000252>.
25. Brouwer IA. Effects of trans-fatty acids intake on blood lipids and lipoproteins: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. WHO 2016. Dostupné z WWW: <http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/246109/1/9789241510608-eng.pdf>.
26. Mensink RP. Effects of saturated fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins: a systematic review and regression analysis. WHO 2016. Dostupné z WWW: <http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/246104/1/9789241565349-eng.pdf>.
27. Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a metaanalysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77 (5): 1146–1155.
28. Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ et al. Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. JAMA 2005; 294(19): 2455–2464.
29. Katan MB. Alternatives to low-fat diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83(5): 989–990.
30. Li Y, Hruby A, Bernstein AM et al. Saturated Fats Compared With Unsaturated Fats and Sources of Carbohydrates in Relation to Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66(14): 1538–1548.
31. Zong G, Li Y, Wanders AJ et al. Intake of individual saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: two prospective longitudinal cohort studies. BMJ 2016; 355: i5796. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1136/bmj.i5796>.
32. Wang DD, Li Y, Chiuve SE et al. Association of Specific Dietary Fats With Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2016; 176(8): 1134–1145.
33. de Souza RJ, Anand SS. Saturated fat and heart disease. BMJ 2016; 355, i6257. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6257>.
34. Ulven SM, Leder E, Elind E et al. Exchanging a few commercial, regularly consumed food items with improved fat quality reduces total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2016; 116(8): 1383–1393.
35. Kromhout D, Giltay EJ, Geleijnse JM et al. n–3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Events after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2010; 363(21): 2015–2026.
36. Mölenberg FJM, de Goede J, Wanders AJ et al. Dietary fatty acid intake after myocardial infarction: a theoretical substitution analysis of the Alpha Omega Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; pii: ajcn157826. Dostupné z DOI: <http://doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.157826>.
37. Boylan S, Welch A, Pikhart H et al. Dietary habits in three Central and Eastern European countries: the HAPIEE study. BMC Public Health 2009; 9: 439. Dostupné z DOI: <https://doi.org/10.1186/1471–2458–9-439>.
38. Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2017: pii: S0140–6736(17)32252–3. Dostupné z DOI: <http:// doi: 10.1016/S0140–6736(17)32252–3>.
39. Brát J, Vrablík M, Herber O. Změny stravovacích návyků ve vztahu k rizikovým faktorům a kardiovaskulární mortalitě. Vnitřní lékařství 2015; 61(9): 815–820.
40. Bruthans J, Cífková R, Lánská V et al. Explaining the decline in coronary heart disease mortality in the Czech Republic between 1985 and 2007. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 21(7): 829–839.
41. Puska P, Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T et al. The North Karelia Project: From North Karelia to National Action. National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), in collaboration with the North Karelia Project Foundation. Helsinki University Printing House: Helsinki 2009. ISBN 978–952–245–000–5 (nid.). ISBN 978–952–245–001–2 (PDF).
42. Puska P. Fat and heart disease: yes we can make a change – the case of North Karelia (Finland). Ann Nutr Metab 2009; 54(Suppl 1): 33–38.
43. Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2017; 38(32): 2459–2472.
Štítky
Angiology Diabetology Internal medicine Cardiology General practitioner for adultsČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Athero Review
2017 Číslo 3
- Memantine Eases Daily Life for Patients and Caregivers
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- Metamizole vs. Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia
- Advances in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis on the Horizon
- Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Secondary dyslipidemia
- Intensive treatment of dyslipidemia in regional outpatient cardiology office
- Opinion of the Committee of the Czech Society for Atherosclerosis on the ESC/ EAS Recommendations for Dyslipidemia Diagnostics and Treatment 2016
- The role of functional food and nutraceuticals in therapy of hypercholesterolemia