Axis of athero-evil: liver – vessel – heart

Česká verzia

Authors: Jan Piťha ^1,2
Authors place of work: Kardiocentrum, Klinika kardiologie IKEM, Praha ¹; Centrum experimentální medicíny, Laboratoř pro výzkum aterosklerózy IKEM, Praha ²
Published in the journal: AtheroRev 2021; 6(3): 139-142
Category: Reviews

Summary

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are clearly defined. These include smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The detection and impact of these risk factors is essential for the prevention of ischemic heart disease in particular, but also of non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction caused mainly by hypertension. Other, detectable risk factors, which may even be at the very beginning of these disorders, may also play an important role in vascular and cardiac pathological processes. In the latter group, there is also included liver (dys)funciton. The presence of liver steatosis or even of higher stages of liver disease is not only risk factor for liver cirrhosis and failure but also for cardiovascular disease. Based on studies focused on even moderate liver dysfunction as a possible cause of cardiovascular diseases, attention should shift also on the prevention of these diseases in the stage of early liver disease. Convincing data in terms of specific treatment for signs of liver disease are still not available, but this situation could change in the future and it is wise to be prepared for it.

Keywords:

diagnosis – management – cardiovascular disease – liver steatosis

Zdroje

Mensah GA, Wei GS, Sorlie PD et al. Decline in Cardiovascular Mortality: Possible Causes and Implications. Circ Res 2017; 120(2): 366–380. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309115>.
Lopez AD, Adair T. Is the long-term decline in cardiovascular-disease mortality in high-income countries over? Evidence from national vital statistics. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 48(6): 1815–1823. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz143>.
Dostupné z WWW: www.uzis.cz
Xanthopoulos A, Starling RC, Kitai T et al. Heart Failure and Liver Disease: Cardiohepatic Interactions. JACC Heart Fail 2019; 7(2): 87–97. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.10.007>.
El Hadi H, Di Vincenzo A, Vettor R et al. Relationship between Heart Disease and Liver Disease: A Two-Way Street. Cells 2020; 9(3): 567. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030567>.
Golabi P, Stepanova M, Pham HT et al. Non-alcoholic steatofibrosis (NASF) can independently predict mortality in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2018; 5(1): e000198. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2018–000198>.
Peters AE, Pandey A, Ayers C et al. Association of liver fibrosis risk scores with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: findings from TOPCAT. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8(2): 842–848. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13250>.
Targher G, Byrne CD. Circulating Markers of Liver Function and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35(11): 2290–2296. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.305235>.
Caliskan M, Erdogan D, Gullu H et al. Higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are independently associated with impaired coronary microvascular function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Atherosclerosis 2008; 201(1): 163–167. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.01.010>.
Wannamethee SG, Lennon L, Shaper AG. The value of gamma-glutamyltransferase in cardiovascular risk prediction in men without diagnosed cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2008; 201(1): 168–175. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.01.019>.
Eremiasova L, Hubacek JA, Danzig V et al. Serum Bilirubin in the Czech Population – Relationship to the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Males. Circ J 2020; 84(10): 1779–1785. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-20–0192>.
Ratziu V. Novel Pharmacotherapy Options for NASH. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61(5): 1398–1405. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620–016–4128-z>.
Arab JP, Karpen SJ, DawsonPA et al. Bile acids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. Hepatology 2017; 65(1): 350–362. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.28709>.