Negative impact of doping on the cardiovascular syste
Authors:
M. Skalská
Authors place of work:
Klinika kardiologie IKEM, Praha
Published in the journal:
Kardiol Rev Int Med 2007, 9(Mimořádné): 10-17
Category:
Editorial
Summary
The use of prohibited substances and methods is a frequent phenomenon today among both top athletes, and high–performance and recreational athletes of practically all age categories. Athletes take a wide spectrum of substances expecting to boost their muscle mass growth, strength and endurance, to diminish their psychic stress during athletic performance and to reduce their body weight, or to disguise the use of another prohibited substance. Doping substances have a number of adverse side effects involving different health risks and sometimes even fatal consequences. Cardiotoxicity is one of the most serious adverse effects. The article lists the most frequently used doping substances, the reasons why they are taken and their impact on the cardiovascular system.
Keywords:
sport – doping – cardiotoxicity
Zdroje
1. Papagelopoulos PJ, Mavrogenis AF, Soucacos PN. Doping in Ancient and Modern Olympic Games. Orthopedics 2004; 27 (12): 1226-1231.
2. World Anti-Doping Agency. The international Olympic Comittee Anti-Doping Rules applicable to the Games od the XXVIII Olympiad in Athens in 2004. Lausanne: WADA 2004: 3.
3. WADA 2. World Anti-Doping Agency. The World Anti-Doping Code – The 2005 prohibited list, International standard. Lausanne: WADA 2004.
4. Směrnice pro kontrolu a postih dopingu ve sportu v České republice. Antidopingový výbor České republiky 2004. www.antidoping.cz/smernice2004.htm
5. Peters Ch, Schulz T, Michna H. Side Effects of Doping: an Overview. In: Peters Ch, Schulz T, Michna H. Biomedical Side Effects of Doping. Köln: Verlag SPORT und BUCH Strauß 2002: 15-22.
6. Melnik B, Jansen T, Grabbe S. Abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids and bodybuilding acne: an underestimated health problem. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2007; 5(2):110-117.
7. Dhar R, Stout W, Link MS et al. Cardiovascular Toxicities of Performance – Enhancing Substances in Sports. Mayo Clin Proc 2005; 80(10): 1307-1315.
8. Modlinski R, Fields KB. The effect of anabolic steroids on the gastrointestinal system, kidneys, and adrenal glands. Curr Sports Med Rep 2006; 5(2):104-109.
9. Melchert RB, Welder AA. Cardiovascular effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995; 27: 1252-1262.
10. Friedl K. Effects od anabolic steroids on physical health. In: Yesalis CE (ed). Anabolic steroids in sport and exercise. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1993: 107-150.
11. Thompson PD, Cullinane EM, Sady SP et al. Contrasting effects of testosterone and stanozolol on serum lipoproteid levels. JAMA 1989; 261: 1165-1168.
12. Hartgens F, Rietjens G, Keiyer HA et al. Effects of androgenic-anabolic steroids on apolipoproteins and lipoprotein (a). Br J Sports Med 2004; 38: 253-259.
13. Nieminen MS, Ramo MP, Viitasalo M et al. Serious cardiovascular side effects of large doses of anabolic steroids in weight lifters. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 1676-1583.
14. Deligiannis A, Björnstad H, Care F et al. ECS Study Group of Sports Cardiology Position Paper on adverse cardiovascular effects of doping in athletes. Eur J of Cardiovascular Preven and Rehab 2006, 13: 687-694.
15. Sader MA, Griffiths KA, McCredie RJ et al. Androgenic anabolic steroids and arterial structure and function in male bodybuilders. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 224-230.
16. Deligiannis A. Cardiac Side Effects of Anabolics. In: Peters Ch, Schulz T, Michna H (eds). Biomedical Side Effects of Doping. Köln: Verlag SPORT und BUCH Strauß 2002: 46-50.
17. Behrendt H, Boffin H. Myocardial cell lesions caused by an anabolic hormone. Cell Tiss Res 1977; 181: 423-426.
18. Palatini P, Giada F, Garavelli G et al. Cardiovascular effects of anabolic steroids in weight-trained subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 1996; 36: 1132-1140.
19. Deligiannis A, Zahopoulou E, Mandroukas K. Echocardiographic study od cardiac dimensions and function in weight lifters and bodybuilders. Int J Sports Cardiol 1988; 5: 24-32.
20. Urhausen A, Albert T, Kindermann W. Are the cardiac effects of anabolic steroid abuse in strength athlets reversible? Heart 2004; 90: 496-501.
21. Kuipers H, Wijnen JA, Hartgens F et al. Influence of steroids on body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile and liver function in bodybuilders. Int J Sports Med 1991; 6: 307-312.
22. Grace F, Sculthorpe N, Baker J et al. Blood pressure and rate pressure product response in males using high/dose anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). J Sci Med Sport 2003; 6: 307-312.
23. Švorčík C, Bičíková L. Effect of drugs on the stimulation threshold of the human heart. Cor et Vasa 1978; 20: 184-195.
24. Neumann F, Schneck B. Pharmakotherapie mit hormonen. In: Forth W, Henschler D, Rummel W (eds). Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. Mannheim, Wien, Zurich: Bibliographisches Institut and FA Brockhaus 1987: 396-423.
25. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 213.
26. Colao A, Marzullo P, Di Somma C et al. Growth hormone and the heart. Clin Endocrinol 2001; 54: 137-154.
27. Meyers DE, Cuneo RC. Controversies regarding the effects of growth hormone on the heart. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 1521-1526.
28. Jelkmann W. Beneficial and adverse Effects of Erythropoetin Theraphy. In: Peters Ch, Schulz T, Michna H (eds). Biomedical Side Effects of Doping. Köln: Verlag SPORT und BUCH Strauß 2002: 35-42.
29. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 195.
30. Wagner KF, Katschinski DM, Hasegawa J et al. Chronic inborn erythrocytosis leads to cardiac dysfunction and premature death in mice overexpressing erythropoietin. Blood 2001; 97: 536-542.
31. Noakes TD. Tainted glory. Doping and athletic performance. N Engl J Med 2004; 151: 847-849.
32. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 140.
33. Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest 2004; 125: 2309-2321.
34. Fine SR, Lodha A, Zoneraich S, Mollura JL. Hydrochlorothiazide-induced acute pulmonary edema. Ann Pharmacother 1995; 29: 701-703.
35. Gerhards LJ, van Arnhem AG, Holman ND et al. Fatal anaphylactic reaction after oral acetazolamide (diamox) for glaucoma. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2000; 144: 1228-1230.
36. Kuoppasalmi K. Side Effects of Stimulants In: Peters Ch, Schulz T, Michna H (eds). Biomedical Side Effects of Doping. Köln: Verlag SPORT und BUCH Strauß 2002: 23-28.
37. Smith HJ, Roche AH, Jausch MF, Herdson PB. Cardiomyopathy associated with amphetamine administration. Am Heart J 1976; 91: 792-797.
38. Hong R, Matsuyama E, Nur K. Cardiomyopathy associated with the smoking of crystal methamphetamine. JAMA 1991; 265: 1152-1154.
39. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 175.
40. Haller C, Benowitz NN. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1833-1838.
41. Zahn K, Li R, Purssell R. Cardiovascular toxicity after ingestion of “Herbal Ecstacy”. J Emerg Med 1999; 17: 289-291.
42. Erjavec M, Coda B, Nguyen Q et al. Morphine-fluoxetine interactions in healthy volunteers: analgesia and side effects. J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 40: 1286-1295.
43. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 223.
44. Bachs L, Morland H. Acute cardiovascular fatalities following cannabis use. Forensic Sci Int 2001; 124: 200-203.
45. Sholter DE, Armstrong PW. Adverse effects of corticosteroids on the cardiovascular system. Can J Cardiol 2000; 16: 505-511.
46. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 117-119.
47. Vogel RA. Alcohol, heart disease, and mortality: a review. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2002; 3: 7-13.
48. Taskinen MR, Nikkila EA, Valimaki M et al. Alcohol-induced changes in serum lipoproteins and in their metabolism. Am Heart J 1987; 113: 458-464.
49. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 136-138.
50. Williams MH. The Ergogenic Edge. Champaign (IL, USA): Human Kinetics Publ 1998: 149-153.
51. Cregler L. Substances abuse in sports: The impact of cocaine, alcohol, steroids, and other drugs on the heart. In: Williams RA (ed). The athlete and heart disease: diagnosis, evaluation and management. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 1999: 131-153.
52.Josephson G, Stine R. Caffeine intoxication: a case of paroxysmal atrial tachycardie. JACEP 1976; 5: 776-778.
53. Maughan RJ. Contamination of dietary supplements and positive drug tests in sport. J Sport Sci 2005; 23(9): 883-889.
54. Mougios V. Doping Abuse in Recreational Sports. In: Peters Ch, Schulz T, Michna H (eds). Biomedical Side Effects of Doping. Köln: Verlag SPORT und BUCH Strauß 2002: 101-104.
Štítky
Paediatric cardiology Internal medicine Cardiac surgery CardiologyČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Cardiology Review
2007 Číslo Mimořádné
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Practical issues in differentiating athlete’s heart from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Bradycardia in athletes
- Physiology of physical strain
- Doing sport with an implantable pacemaker or cardioverter/defibrillator