Surgical Treatment of Hydrocephalus

Česká verzia

Authors: Dr. Mu Václav Vybíhal, Ph.D.
Authors place of work: LF MU a FN Brno ; Neurochirurgická klinika
Published in the journal: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2014; 77/110(1): 7-22
Category: Minimonography

Summary

Hydrocephalus is a disease developing as a result of failure in production, circulation or resorption of the cerebrospinal fluid. It develops due to congenital or acquired causes, including bleeding, inflammation, injury or tumour. Clinical symptoms depend on age, type and speed of development of hydrocephalus. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasound in children with open anterior fontanel are used to diagnose hydrocephalus. Surgical therapy is a gold standard for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Shunt surgeries are performed more frequently than other types of surgical interventions. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are preferred due to less serious complications that are easy to repair. Ventriculoatrial shunts are implanted when it is not possible to drain cerebrospinal fluid into the abdominal cavity. The need for multiple surgical revisions makes shunt surgery difficult. Endoscopic operations have a low complication rate and do not require implantation of a foreign material. However, endoscopic operations are not suitable in all types of hydrocephalus. They are mainly indicated in obstructive hydrocephalus, although they can also be used in some types of communicating hydrocephalus. In these instances, however, success rate is lower.

Key words:
hydrocephalus – shunt – ventriculoperitoneal shunt – ventriculoatrial shunt – lumboperitoneal shunt – endoscopy – endoscopic third ventriculostomy

The author declares he has no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

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