Mental Disorders of the Poet Friedrich Hölderlin
Psychické poruchy básníkaFriedricha Hölderlina
Básník Friedrich Hölderlin byl na základi zpráv lékaou, poátel a poíbuzných považovánod svých 34 let až do smrti v 73 letech za osobu, vykazující odchylné psychické poíznaky.Pierre Bertaux poioazoval zprávy o Hölderlinovi psychice k jeho životnímu bihu a k hlavnímtraumatizujícím momentum. Dospil k záviru, že Hölderlin úeelni simuloval a odeiel do ústraní.Tento názor viak neobstojí.Wilhelm Lange-Eichbaum byl poesvideen o Hölderlinovi onemocniní dementií praecox.Uwe Henrik Peters zjistil, že obraz a vývoj Hölderlinových poruch je zcela identický se vzácnouschizofázií, popsanou Kraepelinem.Jednoduchý pitevní nález mozku zustával dosud neznehodnocen a poeítalo se s následným pokro-kem vidy. Sekce ukázala veliký ventriculus septi pellucidi, vyplniný tekutinou. Stiny byly ztlui-tilé a pevné. Dutina, která byla schopna pojmout mužský palec, musela vyvíjet znaený tlak. Zcelanepochybni musela cysta tlaeit na septum verum i krajinu nucl. accumbens septi, možná i caputa rostrum corp. callosti. Septum verum vytváoí drobný závit - gyrus paraterminalis. Ten obsahujenikolik skupin jader. Poívodná vlákna do septum verum poicházejí z hippokampu a hypotalamu,z corpus amygdaloideum a z retikulární formace. Tamtéž smioují odvodná vlákna, dále do talamua habenuly. Jak ukazují pokusy na zvíoatech a sledování nikterých osob s cystami septi pellucidi,pusobícími tlak v této oblasti, mohou být vyvolány emoení zminy, vzruiení, úzkost, zuoivost,bolesti hlavy. Je ovlivnino sociální chování a rovniž mechanismy krátkodobé pamiti. Pouhýmzrakem nebyly zjiitiny v Höderlinovi mozku jiné odchylky, ani sklerotické zminy cév.Je nepochybné, že se tato popsaná, spolehlivi zjiitiná odchylka mohla na Hölderlinovi psychic-kém stavu výrazni podílet.
Klíčová slova:
Friedrich Hölderlin, schizofázie, cysta septi pellucidi, gyrus paraterminalis.
Authors:
J. Meeío; R. Eihák
Authors place of work:
Psychiatrická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, PrahaAnatomický ústav 1. LF UK, Praha
Published in the journal:
Čes. a slov. Psychiat., , 2000, No. 1, pp. 38-44.
Category:
Summary
The poet Friedrich Hölderlin was considered according to reports of physicians, friends andrelatives, from the age of 34 years to his death at the age of 73 years to be a person displayingabnormal mental features.Pierre Bertaux ascribed reports on Hölderlin™s mental state to his life history and to the maintraumatizing events. He reached the conclusion, that Hölderlin simulated intentionally, retiredand lived in seclusion. This view, however, does not hold.Wilhelm Lange-Eichbaum was convinced that Hölderlin suffered from dementia praecox.Uwe Henrik Peters revealed that the clinical picture and development of Hölderlin™s disorders isquite identical with the rare schizophasia described by Kraepelin.The simple post-mortem findings of the brain was as yet not evaluated and subsequent scientificadvances were foreseen. Post-mortem examination revealed a large ventriculus septi pellucidi,filled with fluid. The walls were thickened and firm. The cavity which was big enough to holda male thumb must have exerted considerable pressure. Beyond doubt, the cyst must have pres-sed on the septum ferum and the region of the nucleus accumbens septi, perhaps also on thecaput and rostrum corp. callosi. The septum verum forms a small convolution - the gyrus parater-minalis. The latter contains a group of nuclei. The afferent fibres into the septum verum originatein the hippocampus and hypothalamus, the corpus amygdaloideum and the reticular formation.The efferent fibres run in the same direction and then into the thalamus and habenula. Asapparent from animal experiments and investigations of some subjects with cysts of the septumpellucidum which exert pressure in this area, this may cause emotional changes, excitation,anxiety, rage, headache. It has an impact on social behaviour and also on mechanisms of short-term memory. By the bare eye in Hölderlin™s brain no other deviations were found, not evensclerotic vascular changes.It is beyond doubt that this described and reliably assessed abnormality could have participatedin a marked way in Hölderlin™s mental condition.
Key words:
Friedrich Hölderlin, schizophasia, cyst of the septum pellucidum, gyrus paraterminalis.
Štítky
Addictology Paediatric psychiatry PsychiatryČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Czech and Slovak Psychiatry
2000 Číslo 1
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