Comorbidity of the Bipolar Affective Disorders with other Psychiatric Illnesses

Česká verzia

Authors: K. Látalová ^1,2; J. Praško ^1,2,3,4
Authors place of work: Klinika psychiatrie Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc ¹; Lékařská fakulta Univerzity Palackého, Olomouc ²; Centrum neuropsychiatrických studií, Praha ³; Psychiatrické centrum Praha ⁴
Published in the journal: Čes. a slov. Psychiat., 105, 2009, No. 5, pp. 218-223.
Category: Comprehensive Reports

Summary

Bipolar affective disorder is serious, progressive, and lifelong illness. It is frequently complicated by comorbidity with other psychiatric illnesses. Most frequent comorbidities are anxiety disorders, personality disorders and substance abuse. Comorbidities have consequences. First, they can influence the type of bipolar affective disorder, its severity, duration and persistency. Second, treatment becomes more difficult and the course is more unfavorable and unpredictable. The ”new pattern“ of illness is established and different therapeutic approaches are necessary. Comorbidities have an unfavorable impact on quality of life in terms of interpersonal relationships as well occupational, social, and economical areas. Patients become more vulnerable and predisposed to the development of additional psychiatric disorders.

Key words:
bipolar affective disorder, comorbidity, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, personality disorders.

Zdroje

1. Akiskal, H. S.: The temperamental borders of affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand., 89 (Suppl. 379), 1994, pp. 32-37.

2. Andreasen, N. C., Grove W. M, Shapiro R. W., Keller M. B., Hirschfeld R. M., Mc Donald-Sott, P: Reliabilty of lifetime diagnosis: a multicenter collaborative perspective. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 38, 1981, pp. 400-405.

3. Angst, J.: The emerging epidemiology of hypomania and bipolar II disorder. J. Affect Disord., 50, 1990, pp. 41-48.

4. Baldassano, C. F.: Illness course, comorbidity, gender, and suicidality in patients with bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 67 (Supl. 11), 2006, pp. 8-11.

5. Barbato, N., Hafner, R. J.: Comorbidity of bipolar and personality disorder. Aust NZ J. Psychiatry, 32, 1998, pp. 276-280.

6. Braun, D. L., Sunday, S. R., Halmi, K. A.: Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with eating disorders. Psychol. Med., 24, 1994, pp. 859-867.

7. Brown, F. F., Golding, J. M., Smith, G. R.: Psychiatric comorbidity in primary care somatization disorder. Psychosom. Med., 52, 1990, pp. 445-451.

8. Coryel, W., Turvey, C., Endicott, J. et al.: Bipolar I affective disorder: predictors of outcome after 15 years. J. Affect Disord., 50, 1998, pp. 109-116.

9. Cosoff, S., Hafner, R. J.: The prevalence of comorbid anxiety in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. Austral N. Zealand J. Psychiatry, 32 1998, pp. 67-72.

10. Chen, Y. W., Dilsaver, S. C.: Comorbidity for obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar and unipolar disorders. Psychiatry Res., 34, 1995, pp. 269-274.

11. Dilsaver, S. C., Chen, Z. W, Swan, A. C., Shoaib, A. M., Tsai-Dilsaver Y., Krajewski K. J.: Suicidality, panic disorder and psychosis in bipolar depression, depressive-mania and pure–mania. Psychiatry Res., 73, 1997, pp. 47-56.

12. Dunayevich, E., Strakowski, S. M., Sax, K. W.et al.: Personality disorders in first- and multiple-episode mania. Psychiatry Res., 73, 1997, pp. 69-75.

13. Fan, A. H., Hassell, J.: Bipolar disorder and comorbid personality psychopathology: A review of the literature. J. Clin. Psychiatry, Nov. 24. pii:ej08r04175 [Epub ahead of print].

14. Fenstein, A. R.: The pre-therapeutic classification of comorbidity in chronic disease. J. Chron. Dis., 23, 1970, pp. 455-468.

15. Fogarty, F., Russel, J. M., Newman, S. C., Bland, R. C.: Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Mania. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl., 376, 1994, pp. 16-23.

16. Freeman, M. P., Freeman, S. A., McElroy, S. L.: The comorbidity of bipolar and anxiety disorders: prevalence, psychobiology, and treatment issues. J. Affect Disord., 68 (Suppl 1), 2002, pp. 1-23.

17. Frye, M. A., Salloum I. M.: Bipolar disorder and comorbid alcoholism: Prevalence rate and treatment consideration. Bipolar Disord., 8, 2006, 6, pp. 677-685.

18. Gao, K., Tolliver, B. K., Kemp, D. E., Verduin, M. L., Ganocy, S. J., Bilali, S., Rady, K. T., Shim, S. S., Findling, R. L., Calabrese, J. R.: Differential interactions between comorbid anxiety disorders and substance use disorder in rapid cycling bipolar I or II disorder. J. Affect Disord., 110 (Suppl. 1-2), 2008, pp. 167-173.

19. Gao, K., Verduin, M. L. Kemp, D. E, Tolliver, B. K., Ganocy, S. J., Elhaj, O., Bilali, S., Brady, K. T., Findling, R. L., Calabrese, J. R.: Clinical correlates of patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder and recent history of substance use disorder: A subtype comparison from baseline data of 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trials. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 69 (Suppl. 7), 2008, pp. 1057-1063.

20. Holma, K. M., Melartin, T. K., Holma, I. A., Isometsa, E. T.: Predictors for switch from unipolar major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder type I or II: a 5-year prospective study. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 69 (Suppl. 8), 2008, pp. 1267-1275.

21. Jenkins, R., Lewis, G., Bebbington, P. et al.: The National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey – strategy and methods. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1997, pp. 765-774.

22. Judd, L. L., Kessler, R. C., Paulus, M. P., Zeller, P. V., Wittchen, H. U., Kunovac, J. L.: Comorbidity as a fundamental feature of generalized anxiety disorders: result form the National Comorbidity study (NCS). Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl., 393, 1998, pp. 6-11.

23. Keller, M. B. Prevalence and impact of comorbid anxiety and bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 67 (Suppl. 1), 2006, pp. 1-23.

24. Kerbeshian, J., Burd, L., Klug, M. G.: Comorbid Tourettes disorder and bipolar disorder: a etiologic perspective. Am. J. Psychiatry, 152, 1995, pp. 1646-1651.

25. Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Liu, J., Swartz, M., Blaze, D. G.: Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: results from the US National Comorbidity Survey. Br. J. Psychiatry, 168 (Suppl. 30),1996, pp. 17-30.

26. Kessler, R. C., Rubinow, D. R., Holmes, C., Abelson, J. M., Zhao, S.: The epidemiology of DSM-III-R bipolar I disorder in general population survey. Psychol. Med., 27, 1997a, pp. 1079-1089.

27. Kessler, R. Standg, P., Witchen, H. U., Stein, M., Walters, E. E.: Lifetime co-morbidities between social phobia and mood disorders in US nationals Comorbidity Survey. Psychol. Med., 29, 1999, pp. 555-556.

28. Kruger, S., Cooke, R. G., Hasey, G. M.: Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder. J. Affect Disorders, 34, 1995, pp. 117-120.

29. Levander E., Frye, M. A., Mc Elroy, S., Suppes, T., Grunze, H., Nolen, W. A., Kupka, R., Keck, P. E. Jr., Leverich, G. S., Altshuler, L. L., Hwnag, S., Mintz, J., Post, R. M.: Alcoholism and anxiety in bipolar illness: differential lifetime anxiety comorbidity in bipolar I women with and without alcoholism. J. Affect Disord., 94 (Suppl 1-2), 2007, pp. 211-217.

30. Marneros, A., Rohde, A.: „Residual states“ in affective, schizoaffective and schizophrenic disoders. In: Akiskal, H. S., Cassano, G. B., editors. Dysthymia and the spectrum of chronic depression. New York, Guilford Press, 1997, pp 75-86.

31. Mazza, M., Mandelli, L., Di Nicola, M., Harnic, D., Catalano, V., Tedeschi, D., Martinotti, G., Colombo, R., Bria, P., Serreti, A., Janiri, L.: Clinical features, response to treatment and functional outcome of bipolar disorder patients with and without co. occurring substance use disorder:1-year follow-up. J. Affect Disord., 2008, 7 0ct. [Epub ahead of print].

32. McElroy, S. L., Pope, H. G. Jr., Keck, P. E. Jr., Hudson, J. I., Phillips, K . A., Strakowski, S. M.: Are impulse-control disorders related to bipolar disorder? Compr. Psychiatry, 37, 1996, pp. 229-240.

33. Meltzer, H., Gill, B., Petticrew, M. et al. : The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among adults living in private households. OPCS surveys of psychiatric morbidity in Great Britain, Report. London, HMSO, 1995.

34. Merikangas, K. R.: Comorbidity for anxiety and depression: reviews of family and genetic studies. In Maser J. D., Cloninger C. R., editors. Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1990, pp. 331-348.

35. Merikangas, K. R., Herrell, R., Swedsen J., Rössler, W., Ajdacic-Gross. V., Angst, J.: Specifity of bipolar spectrum conditions in the comorbidity of mood and substance use disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 65 (Supp. 1), 2008, pp. 47-52.

36. Mezzich, J. E., Ahn, C. W., Fabrega, H., Pilkonis, P. A.: Patterns of comorbidity in a large population presenting for are. In: Maser, J. D., Cloninger, C. R., editors: Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1990, pp. 189-204.

37. Olfson, M., Firemann, B., Weissman, M. M. et al.: Mental disorders and disability among patients in a primary care group practice. Am. J. Psychiatry, 154, 1997, pp. 1734-1740.

38. Pashinian, A., Faragian, S., Levi, A., Yeghiyan, M., Gasparyan, K. Wezman, R., Wezman A., Fuchs, C., Poyurovsky M.: Obsessive- compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder patients with first manic episode. J. Affect Disorder, 94 (Suppl. 1-3), 2006, pp. 151- 156.

39. Perugi, G., Akiskal, H. S., Ramacciotti S. et al.: Depressive comorbidity of panic, social phobic, and obsessive-compulsive disorders re-examined: is there a bipolar II connection? J. Psychiatr. Res., 33, 1999, pp. 53-61.

40. Peselow, E. D., Sanfilipo, M. P., Fieve, R. R.: Relationship between hypomania an personality disorders before and after successful treatment. Am. J. Psychiatry, 152, 1995, pp 232-238.

41. Pini, S., Cassano, G. B., Simonini, E., Savino, M., Russo, A., Montgomery, S.A.: Prevalence of anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar depression, unipolar depression and dysthymia. J. Affect Disord., 42, 1997, pp. 145-153.

42. Pini, S., Maser, J. D., DellOsso, L., Abelli, M., Muti, M., Gesi, C., Cassano, G. B.: Social anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with bipolar disorder patients with first manic episode. J. Anxiety Disord., 80 (Suppl. 8), 2006, pp. 1148-1157.

43. Praag, H. M.: „Make-Believes“. In Psychiatry or The Perils of Progress. New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1993.

44. Regier, D. A. et al.: Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: Results from the epidemiological catchment area (EDA) study 1990. Journal of the American Medical Association, 3, 1990, pp. 2511-2518.

45. Roy, M. A., Neale, M. C., Pedersen, N. L., Mathe, A. A., Kendler, K. S.: A twin study of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression. Psychol. Med., 25, 1995, pp. 1037-1049.

46. Samuels, J. F., Nestadt, G., Romanowski, A. J., Folestein, M. F., McHugh, P. R.: DSM-III personality disorders in the community. Am. J. Psychiatry, 151, 1994, pp. 1055-1062.

47. Sonne, S. C., Brady K. T., Morton W. A.: Bipolar disorder and substance abuse. In: Tohen, M., editor. Comorbidity in affective disorders. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1999, pp. 197-212.

48. Strakowski, S. M., DelBello, M. P., Fleck, D. E., Adler, C. M., Anhenelli, R. M., Keck, P. E. Jr., Arnold, L. M., Amicone, J.: Effects of co-occurring alcohol abuse on the course of bipolar disorder following a first hospitalization for mania. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 62, 2005, pp. 851-858.

49. Turley, B., Bates, G. W., Edwards J, Jackson , H. J.: MCMI-II personality disorders in recent-onset bipolar disorders. J. Clin. Psychol., 48, 1992, pp. 320-329.

50. Ucok, A., Karaveli, D., Kundakci, T., Yazici, O.: Comorbidity of personality disorders with bipolar mood disorders. Compr. Psychiatry, 39, 1998, pp. 72-74.

51. Wilens, T. E, Biederman, J. et al.: Risk for substance use disorders in youths with child and adolescent-onset bipolar disorder. Am. J. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 38, 1999, pp. 680-685.

52. Winokur, G., Coryel, W., Akiskal, H. S. et al.: Alcoholism in manic-depressive (bipolar) illness: familial illness, course of illness, and the primary-secondary distinction. Am. J. Psychiatry, 152, 1995, pp. 365-372.

53. Young, L. T., Cooke, R. G., Robb, J. C., Levitt, A. J., Joffe, R. T.: Anxious and non-anxious bipolar disorder. J. Affect Disord., 29, 1993, pp. 49-52.

54. Zarate, C. A., Tohen, M.: Bipolar disorder and comorbid axis II disorders. In: Tohen, M, editor. Comorbidity in affective disorders. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1999b, pp. 241-248.

55. Zimmerman, M., Mattia J. I.: Axis I diagnostic comorbidity and borderline personality disorder. Compr. Psychiatry, 40, 1999, pp. 245-252.

Štítky

Addictology Paediatric psychiatry Psychiatry

Článek Therapy of Hospitalized Patients with Depression – are Antidepressives sufficient?

Článek Volatile Substance Abuse in Czech Republic – Review of Available Information

Článek Schizophrenia in Childhood and Adolescence

Článok vyšiel v časopise

Czech and Slovak Psychiatry

2009 Číslo 5

Najčítanejšie tento týždeň

Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle