Isolated orbital floor fractures
Authors:
R. Mottl 1; R. Slezák 1; A. Feuermannová 3; J. Laco 2; A. Mottlová 1; Z. Janovská 1
Authors place of work:
Stomatologická klinika1, Fingerlandův ústav patologie2, Oční klinika3 LF UK a FN, Hradec Králové
Published in the journal:
Česká stomatologie / Praktické zubní lékařství, ročník 114, 2014, 5, s. 61-68
Category:
Review Article
Věnováno prof. MUDr. Janu Kilianovi, DrSc., k životnímu jubileu
Summary
Introduction, Aim:
Orbital fractures, especially orbital floor fractures, are relatively common type of facial fractures. Fracture severity ranges from small minimally displaced fractures of an isolated wall that require no treatment to major disruption of the orbit that require surgical intervention. The main goal of the surgical therapy is an optimal anatomical reconstruction of the orbit leaving no functional or cosmetic defects. Indication and timing of the surgical intervention is based on the results of clinical findings and radiologic examination, preferably computed tomography scanning. Magnetic resonance images can be used for characterization of soft-tissue sequelae and complications. Close cooperation between the maxillofacial surgeon and the ophthalmologist plays an important role in the management of the orbital floor fractures.
There are several types of both resorbable and non-resorbable materials for the orbital reconstruction. Polydioxanon sheets are frequently used in orbital floor repair. This material has very good biocompatibility, but it is not sufficient for the reconstruction of defects larger than 2,5 cm2. Titanium mesh is a non-resorbable material used in cases of huge bone defects. Mediopalpebral approach is considered to be the best surgical approach with very few complications, both aesthetic and functional. Transconjunctival approach is useful and plays an important role, too. Nevertheless, complications such as enophtalmos, diplopia or loss of vision handicapping the patients in their everyday life can occur even if adequate treatment was provided.
Conclusion:
We expect the number of orbital trauma will increase in the future. Nowadays, there are many new materials and procedures in the treatment of orbital fractures, which could improve prognosis of the treament. The main goal of the review is to summarize the evaluation and management of orbital floor fractures.
Keywords:
isolated orbital floor fracture – diplopia – enophtalmos – mediopalpebral approach – surgical therapy
Zdroje
1. Baumann, A., Burggasser, G., Gauss, N., Ewers, R.: Orbital floor recontruction with an alloplastic resorbable polydioxanone sheet. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., roč. 31, 2002, č. 4, s. 367–373.
2. Biesman, B. S., Hornblass, A., Lismann, R., Kazlas, M.: Diplopia after surgical repair of orbital floor fractures. Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., roč. 12, 1996, č. 1, s. 9–17.
3. Beomjune, B. K., Qaqish, C., Frangos, J., Caccamese, J. F. Jr.: Oculocardiac reflex induced by an orbita floor fracture: Report of a case and rewiew of the literature. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., roč. 70, 2012, č. 11, s. 2614–2619.
4. Burnstine, M. A.: Clinical recommendations for repair of isolated orbital floor fractures: an evidence-based analysis. Ophthalmology, roč. 10, 2002, č. 7, s. 1207–1213.
5. Clauser, L., Galie, M., Pagliaro, F.: Posttraumatic enophthalmos: etiology, principles of reconstruction, and correction. J. Craniofac. Surg., roč. 19, 2008, č. 2, s. 351–359.
6. Cole, P., Boyd, V., Banerji, S., Hollier, L. H. Jr.: Comprehensive management of orbital fractures. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., roč. 120, 2007, č. 7, s. 57–63.
7. Converse, J. M., Smith, B.: Blowout-fracture of the floor of the orbit. Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol., roč. 64, 1960, s. 676–688.
8. Crikelair, G., Rein, J., Potter, G.: A critical look at the blowout fracture. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., roč. 49, 1972, č. 4, s. 374–379.
9. Dörre, A., Döring, K.: Amaurose nach operativer Versorgung einer lateralen Mittelgesichtsfraktur. Der MKG-Chirurg., roč. 1, 2008, č. 2, s. 133–136.
10. Ellis, E., Tan, Y.: Assessment of internal orbital reconstruction for pure blowout fractures: cranial bone grafts versus titanium mesh. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., roč. 61, 2003, č. 4, s. 442–453.
11. Emery, J. M., Noorden, G. K., von Schlernitzauer, D. A.: Orbital floor fractures: Long term follow-up of cases with and without repair. Trans. Am. Acad. Ophthalmol. Otolaryngol., roč. 75, 1971, č. 4, s. 802–812.
12. Folkestad, L., Grandstrom, G.: A prospective study of orbital fracture sequelae after chase of surgical routines. J. Oral Maxillofacial. Surger., roč. 61, 2003, č. 9, s. 1038–1044.
13. Friesenecker, J., Dammer, R., Moritz, M., Niederdellmann, H.: Long-term results after primary restoration of the orbital floor. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg., roč. 23, 1995, č. 1, s. 31–33.
14. Galanski, M., Friedmann, G.: Röntgenanatomische Gesichtspunkte zur Diagnostik von Orbitabodenfrakturen. Fortschr. Kiefer Gesichtschir., roč. 22, 1977, s. 26–28.
15. Girotto, J. A., Gamble, W. B., Robertson, B., Redett Muehlberger, T., Mayer, M., Zinreich, J., Iliff, N., Miller, N., Manson, P. N.: Blindness after reduction of facial fractures. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., roč. 102, 1998, č. 6, s. 1821–1834.
16. Hammer, B.: Orbital fractures. Diagnosis, treatment, secondary corrections. Seattle, Toronto, Bern, Göttingen, Hoegrefe & Huber, 1995, s. 2, 37.
17. Hightower, D. R., Omohundro, J. M., Harris, P. F.: Current concepts in the treatment of fractures of the orbit. Laryngoscope, roč. 81, 1971, č. 5, s. 725–730.
18. Hoffmann, J., Cornelius, C. P., Groten, M., Probster, L., Pfannenberg, C., Schwenzer, N.: Orbital reconstruction with individually copymilled ceramic implants. Plast. Reconstr. Surg., roč. 101, 1998, č. 3, s. 604–612.
19. Hosal, B. M., Beatty, R. L.: Diplopia and enopthalmos after surgical repair of blowout fracture. Orbit, roč. 21, 2002, č. 1, s. 27–33.
20. Hrušák, D., Jambura, J., Hauer, L.: Zlomeniny spodiny očnice (statistika). Čes. Stomat., roč. 110, 2010, č. 5, s. 104–108.
21. Jones, D. E., Evans, J. N.: “Blow-out” fractures of the orbit: an investigation into their anatomical basis. J. Laryngol. Otol., roč. 81, 1967, č. 10, s. 1109–1120.
22. Kaufman, Y., Stal, D., Cole, P., Hollier, L. Jr.: Orbitozygomatic fracture management Plast. Reconstr. Surg., roč. 121, 2008, č. 4, s. 1370–1374.
23. Kozakiewicz, M., Elgalal, M., Loba, P., Komunski, P., Arkuszewski, P., Broniarczyk-Loba, A., Stefanczyk, L.: Clinical application of 3D pre–bent titanium implants for orbital floor fractures. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg., roč. 37, 2009, č. 4, s. 229–234.
24. Kunz, C., Sigron, G. R., Jaquiéry, C.: Functional outcome after non-surgical management of orbital fractures-the bias of decision making according to size of defect: critical review of 48 patients. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 2012, roč. 51, 2013, č. 6, s. 486–492.
25. Lee, J. W: Treatment of enophthalmos using corrective osteotomy with concomitant cartilage-graft implantation. J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg., roč. 63, 2010, č. 1, s. 42–53.
26. Manolidis, S., Weeks, B. H., Kirby, M., Scarlett, M., Hollier, L.: Classification and surgical management of orbital fractures: experience with 111 orbital reconstructions. J. Craniofac. Surg., roč. 13, 2002, č. 6, s. 726–737.
27. Nguyen, P. N., Sullivan, P.: Advances in the management of orbital fractures. Clin. Plas. Surg., roč. 19, 1992, č. 1, s. 87–98.
28. Ploder, O., Oeckner, M., Klug, C., Voracek, M., Wagner, A., Burggasser, G., Baumann, A., Czerny, C.: Follow-up study of treatment of orbita floor fractures: relation of clinical data and software-based CT-analysis. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., roč. 32, 2003, č. 3, s. 257–262.
29. Popat, H., Doyle, P. T., Davies, S. J.: Blindness following retrobulbar haemorrhage-it can be prevented. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., roč. 45, 2007, č. 2, s. 163 – 164.
30. Putterman, A. M.: Management of blow out fractures of the orbital floor. III. The conservative approach. Survey Ophthalmol., roč. 35, 1991, č. 4, s. 292–298.
31. Rinna, C., Ungari, C., Saltarel, A., Cassoni, A., Reale, G.: Orbital floor restoration. J. Craniofac. Surg., roč. 16, 2005, č. 6, s. 968–972.
32. Smith, B., Regan, W. F.: Blow-out fracture of the orbit. Am. J. Ophthalmol., roč. 44, 1957, č. 6, s. 733–739.
33. Whitehouse, R. W., Batterburby, M., Jackson, A., Noble, J. L.: Prediction of enophtalmos by computed tomography after blow-out-fracture. Br. J. Ophtalmology., roč. 78, 1994, č. 8, s. 618 -620.
34. Whitnall, S. E.: The anatomy of the human orbit and accesory organs of vision. London, 2nd The Oxford Medical Publications, 1932, s. 34.
Štítky
Maxillofacial surgery Orthodontics Dental medicineČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Czech Dental Journal
2014 Číslo 5
- What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
- The Importance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Administration to Diabetics with Gingivitis
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Isolated orbital floor fractures
- Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health
- Smoking and Teeth Loss
- Retrospective Study of Forty-Nine Replanted Teeth