Influence of periconceptional and prenatal exposure to smoking on male reproduction: sex rate and puberty
Authors:
D. Hrubá 1; L. Kukla 2; P. Okrajek 2; V. Šikolová 1
Authors place of work:
Ústav preventivního lékařství LF MU, Brno
přednostka prof. MUDr. Z. Derflerová Brázdová, DrSc.
1; Výzkumné pracoviště preventivní a sociální pediatrie LF MU, Brno
přednosta doc. MUDr. L. Kukla, CSc.
2
Published in the journal:
Čes-slov Pediat 2013; 68 (5): 283-292.
Category:
Original Papers
Summary
Background:
Associations between periconceptional and antenatal exposure to paternal smoking and morphological and functional changes of reproduction among their male offspring, including the earlier sexual maturation, have been described in number recent studies.
Methods:
In the prospective European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) the data about parental periconceptional smoking behaviour were collected at 18th week of pregnancy and were available for every child. Physicians´ observations of male offsprings when they reached the ages 11 (210 persons), 13 (256 persons), and 15 (326 persons) years included also evaluation of their secondary sexual markers development. Unified criteria distinguishing five developmental stages were described in details and filled out with practical graphic pictograms. The differences between the frequency of the start of puberty among exposed and non-exposed boys were evaluated by the statistic programme EPI INFO, version 6.04a (Mantel-Haenszel, chi-square and Yates tests).
Results:
Parental periconceptional smoking was associated with the earlier start of puberty: higher frequency of 2nd and 3rd stadium of penile, testes and pubic hair development at age 11 years (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.00, 7.49; p=0.02) and higher frequency of 2nd and 3rd stadium of pubic hair development at age 13 years (OR 3.61, 95% CI 0.88, 14.61; p=0.03). The last observation at age 15 years found no differences between non-exposed and prenatally exposed boys. Maternal smoking before and during pregnancy was associated with no-significant decreasing of newborns´ male/female sex ratio (0.65; p=0.065).
Conclusion:
In the ELSPAC cohort, parental smoking during periconceptional period accelerated the earlier start of puberty among their male offspring. The newborns male/female sex ratio was not influenced by their antenatal exposure to parental smoking.
Key words:
periconceptional exposure to smoking, male offspring puberty, sex ratio
Zdroje
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Štítky
Neonatology Paediatrics General practitioner for children and adolescentsČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Czech-Slovak Pediatrics
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