Regulation of energy balance and eating behaviour

Česká verzia

Authors: Lebl Jan ¹; Malíková Křenek Jana ¹; Hainerová Aldhoon Irena ^2,3
Authors place of work: Pediatrická klinika, 2. lékařská fakulta UK, a Fakultní nemocnice v Motole, Praha ¹; Klinika dětí a dorostu, 3. lékařská fakulta UK, a Fakultní nemocnice Královské, Vinohrady, Praha ²; Pediatrická klinika, 1. lékařská fakulta UK, a Fakultní Thomayerova, nemocnice, Praha ³
Published in the journal: Čes-slov Pediat 2023; 78 (1): 48-53.
Category: Childhood Obesity Epidemic
doi: https://doi.org/10.55095/CSPediatrie2023/009

Summary

Energy balance and eating behaviour are regulated by leptin-melanocortin system that includes afferent signals from peripheral tissues (leptin, ghrelin, insulin, blood glucose), integrative first order neurons in arcuate nucleus, and second order effector neurons in paraventricular and intermediolateral nuclei that express melanocortin receptors. Components of this system have individual genetic and epigenetic coding, with partial impact of environmental factors. Abnormal eating behaviour may be due to pathogenic variants of genes encoding key molecules of eating behaviour. Monogenic obesity is characterized by early-onset obesity – in some cases with insulin resistance and/ or neurodevelopmental delay.

Keywords:

obesity – energy balance – gut microbiome – eating behaviour – monogenic obesity – basal thermogenesis

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