Modern trends in the treatment of hypertension

Česká verzia

Authors: Ján Murín ¹; Jozef Bulas ¹; Martin Wavruch ²
Authors place of work: I. interná klinika LF UK a UNB, Nemocnica Staré Mesto, Bratislava ¹; Ústav klinickej farmakológie LF UK, Bratislava ²
Published in the journal: Forum Diab 2019; 8(2): 84-87
Category: Review Article

Summary

In the last year (2018) two big societies (European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension) published Guidelines for the treatment of hypertension. They were translated and published also with a commentary of our experts. It will be good for our doctors to read them as they will notice some important facts for their clinical practices. There is also a trend in the treatment of hypertension to use drug combination pills (two or three drugs in a pill) and to treat also other cardiovascular risk factors and diseases (atrial fibrillation, heart failure, renal disease) and this will need to give the responsible patient the best drug combination. Information are useful here also for education of patients.

Keywords:

hypertension – treatment of hypertension

Zdroje

Blacher J, Levy BI, Mourad JJ et al. From epidemiological transition to modern cardiovascular epidemiology: hypertension in the 21st century. Lancet 2016; 388(10043): 530–532. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(16)00002–7>.
Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Caulfield M. Hypertension. Lancet 2015; 386(9995): 801–812. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(14)61468–9>.
Lewington S. Clarke R, Qizilbash N et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360(9349): 1903–1913. Erratum in Lancet 2003; 361(9362): 1060.
Veiras LC, Han J, Ralph DL et al. Potassium Supplementation Prevents Sodium Chloride Cotransporter Stimulation During Angiotensin II Hypertension. Hypertension 2016; 68(4): 904–912. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07389>.
Lurbe E, Agabiti-Rosei E, Cruickshank JK et al. 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hypertens 2016;34(10): 1887–1920. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001039>.
Victor RG. Carotid baroreflex activation therapy for resistant hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015; 12(8): 451–463. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2015.96>.
Gulati R, Raphael CE, Negoita M et al. The rise, fall and possible resurrection of renal denervation. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 13(4): 238–244. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2016.1>.
Grassi G, Mark A, Esler M. The sympathetic nervous system alterations in human hypertension. Circ Res 2015; 116(6): 976–990. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303604>.
Taylor KS, Murai H, Millar PJ et al. Arousal from sleep and sympathetic exscitation during wakefulness. Hypertension 2016; 68(6): 1467–1474. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08212>.
Bibbins-Domingo K, Chertow GM, Coxson PG et al. Projected effect of dietary salt reductions on future cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2010;362(7): 590–599. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0907355>.
Duprez DA. Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in vascular remodelling and inflammation: a clinical review. J Hypertens 2006;24(6): 983–991. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000226182.60321.69>.
Briet M, Schiffrin EL. Vascular actions of aldosterone. J Vasc Res 2012; 50(2): 89–99. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000345243>.
Pahor M, Guralnik JM, Ambrosius WT et al. Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 311(23): 2387–2396. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.5616>.
Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events. JAMA 2004; 292(19): 2343–2349. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.19.2343>.
de Simone G, Izzo R, Chinali M et al. Does information on systolic and diastolic function improve prediction of a cardiovascular event by left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension? Hypertension 2010; 56(1): 99–104. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.150128>.
de Simone G, Izzo R, Aurigemma GP et al. Cardiovascular risk in relation to a new classification of hypertensive left ventricular geometric abnormalities. J Hypertens 2015; 33(4): 745–754. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000477>.
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiolog y (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2016; 37(27): 2129–2200. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128>.
Nambi V, Chambless L, Folsom AR et al. Carotid intima-media thickness and presence or absence of plaque improves prediction of coronary heart disease risk: the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55(15): 1600–1607. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.075>.
[Reference Values for Arterial Stiffnes Collaboration]. Determinants of pulse wave velocity in healthy people and in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors: „establishing normal and reference values“. Eur Heart J 2010; 31(19): 2338–2350. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq165>.
Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I et al. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2008;300(2): 197–208. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.2.197>.
Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 2001; 286(4): 421–426.
Breslin DJ, Gifford RW Jr, Fairbairn JF II et al. Prognostic importance of ophtalmoscopic findings in essential hypertension JAMA 1966;195: 335–338.
Frant R, Goen J. Prognosis of vascular hypertension: a 9 year follow-up study of 418 cases. Arch Intern Med (Chic) 1950; 85(5): 727–750.
Longstreth WT Jr, Manolio TA, Arnold A et al. Clinical correlates of white matter findings on cranial magnetic resonance imaging of 3301 elderly people. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 1996; 27(8): 1274–1282.
Vermeer SE, Longstreth WT Jr, Koudstaal PJ. Silent brain infarcts: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6(7): 611–619. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474–4422(07)70170–9>.
Etterhad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and deth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2016; 387(10022): 957–967. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(15)01225–8>.
Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension. 1. Overview, meta-analyses, and meta-regression analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 2014; 32(12): 2285–2295. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000378>.
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2018;39(33): 3021–3104. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339>.
Wright JT Jr, Williamson JD, Whelton PK et al. [SPRINT Research Group]. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 2015;373(22): 2103–2116. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1511939>.
Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J et al. [ADVANCE Collaborative Group]. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370(9590): 829–840. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(07)61303–8>.
Beckett N, Peters R, Leonetti G et al. Subgroup and per-protocol analyses from the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial. J Hypertens 2014;32(7): 1478–1487. discussion 1487. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000195>.
Emdin CA, Rahimi K, Neal B et al. Blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2015;313(6): 603–615. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.18574>.
Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence. 12. Effects in individuals with high-normal and normal blood pressure: overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens 2017; 35(11): 2150–2160. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001547>.
Thomopoulos C. Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure-lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: l5. Head-to-head comparisons of various classes of antihypertensive drugs – overview and meta-analyses. J Hypertens 2015; 33(7): 1321–1341. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000614>.
Volpe M, Mancia G, Trimarco B. Angiotensin II receptor blockers and myocardial infarction: deeds and misdeeds. J Hypertens 2005; 23(12): 2113–2118.
Reboldi G, Angeli F, Cavallini C et al. Comparison between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and death: a meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2008; 26(7): 1282–1289. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328306ebe2>.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K et al. 2013ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013; 34(28): 2159–2219. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht151>.
Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension: 4. Effects of various classes of antihypertensive drugs – overview and meta-analyses. J Hypertens 2015; 33(2): 195–211.Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000447>.
Zillich AJ, Garg J, Basu S et al. Thiazide diuretics, potassium, and the development of diabetes: a quantitative review. Hypertension 2006; 48(2): 219–224. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000231552.10054.aa>.
Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE et al. Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292(18): 2227–2236.Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.18.2227>.
Ayers K, Byrne LM, DeMatteo A et al. Differential effects of nebivolol and metoprolol on insulin sensitivity and plasminogen activator inhibitor in the metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2012; 59(4): 893–898. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.189589>.
Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S et al. [British Hypertension Society’s PATHWAY Studies Group]. Spironolactone versus placebo bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet 2015; 386(10008): 2059–2068. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(15)00257–3>.
Filipová S, Gašpar Ľ, Vachulová A et al. Komentár k 2018 ESC/ESH Odporúčaniam manažmentu arteriálnej hypertenzie. Cardiol Lett 2018; 27(6): 282–288