Obesity and kidney
Authors:
V. Teplan 1–4; M. Lukáš Jr 1,2; P. Beňo 1,2; M. Lukáš 1,2
Authors place of work:
Klinické a výzkumné centrum pro střevní záněty a Centrum pro léčbu obezity ISCARE I. V. F. a. s., Praha
1; 1. LF UK, Praha
2; Subkatedra nefrologie, Institut postgraduálního vzdělávání ve zdravotnictví, Praha
3; Katedra interních oborů, LF OU, Ostrava
4
Published in the journal:
Gastroent Hepatol 2017; 71(6): 510-516
Category:
Chapters from internal medicine: Review Article
doi:
https://doi.org/10.14735/amgh2017510
Summary
Many studies have confirmed the close link between obesity and renal disease. Direct damage is caused by obesity-induced nephropathy, hypertension, and diabetes. The mechanism responsible for nephron damage has not yet been fully elucidated, but no doubt it involves hemodynamic, metabolic, and local inflammation factors.
Methods and Results:
Management focuses on controlling of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia and, of course, restricting food energy intake and increasing physical activity. We prefer to use the least invasive methods to minimise internal environment disturbances. If these approaches are not successful, other methods must be used such as endoscopy and bariatric surgery. Due to potential risk of mineral and water disturbances, surgery management is indicated only in special case of serious obesity, mainly before kidney transplantation, but number of cases treated in this way is growing worldwide.
Conclusion:
It was repeatedly confirmed that in patients with a remarkable reduction of visceral fat mass, renal function was corrected, proteinuria decreased, hypertension and diabetes were better managed, and therefore their long-term well-being and life expectancy were also much better.
Key words:
obesity – nephropathy – diet – endoscopy – bariatric surgery
The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.
The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE „uniform requirements“ for biomedical papers.
Submitted:
27. 9. 2017
Accepted:
23. 10. 2017
Zdroje
1. Kovesdy CP, Furth SL, Zoccalli C. Obesity and kidney disease: hidden consequences of the epidemic. Kidney Int 2017; 91 (2): 260–262. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.10. 019.
2. Hall ME, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA et al. Obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Int J Nephrol Renovaskul Disease 2014; 7: 75–88. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S39739.
3. Tchernof A, Deprés JP. Pathophysiology of human visceral obesity: an update. Physiol Rev 2013; 93 (1): 359–404. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2011.
4. Hall JE, Crook ED, Jones DW et al. Mechanisms of obesity – associated cardiovascular and renal disease. Am J Med Sci 2002; 342 (3): 127–137.
5. Lu JL, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ma JZ et al. Association of body mass index with outcomes in patents with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25 (9): 2088–2096. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013070754.
6. de Vries AP, Ruggenenti P, Ruan XZ et al. Fatty kidney: emerging role of ectopic lipid in obesity related renal disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014; 2 (5): 417–426. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587 (14) 700 65-8.
7. Burton JO, Gray LJ, Webb DR et al. Association of antropometric obesity measures with chronic kidney disease risk in a non-diabetic patient population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27 (5): 1860–1866. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr574.
8. Ejerblad E, Fored CM, Lindblad et al. Obesity and risk for chronic renal failure. Am J Soc Nephrol 2006; 17 (6): 1695–1702.
9. Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Iribarren C et al. Body mass index and risk for end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 2006; 144 (1): 21–28.
10. Foster MC, Hwang SJ, Larson MG et al. Overweight, obesity and development of stage 3 CKD: the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 52 (1): 39–48. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.03.003.
11. Gomez P, Ruilope LM, Barios V et al. The FATH Study Group. Prevalence of renal insuficiency in individuals with hypertension and obesity/overweight: the FATH study. Am J Soc Nephrol 2006; 17 (12 Suppl 3): S194–S200.
12. Chughtai HL, Morgan TM, Rocco M et al. Renal sinus fat and poor blood pressure control inb midle-aged and elderly individuals at risk of cardiovascular events. Hypertension 2010; 56 (5): 901–906. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSION AHA.110.157370.
13. Berthoux F, Mariat C, Maillard N. Overweight/obesity revisited as a predictive risk factor in primary IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28 (Suppl 4): 160–166. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft286.
14. Bonnet F, Deprele C, Sassolas A et al. Excessive body weight as a new independ-ent risk factor for clinical and pathological progression in primary IgA nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37 (4): 720–727.
15. Kataoka H, Ohara M, Shibui K et al. Overweight and obesity accelerate the progression of IgA nephropathy: prognostic utility of a combination of BMI and histopathological parameters. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 16 (5): 706–712. doi: 10.1007/s10157-012-0613-7.
16. Praga M, Hernández E, Herrero JC et al. Influence of obesity on the appearance of proteinuria and renal insufficiency after unilateral nephrectomy. Kidney Int 2000; 58 (5): 2111–2118.
17. Hall JE, Brands MW, Dixon WN et al. Obesity-induced hypertension. Renal function and systemic hemodynamics. Hypertension 1993; 22 (3): 292–299.
18. Hall JE. Louis K. Dahl Memorial Lecture. Renal and cardiovascular mechanisms of hypertension in obesity. Hypertension 1994; 23 (3): 381–394.
19. Morales E, Valero MA, León M et al. Beneficial effects of weight loss in overweight patients with chronic proteinuric nephropaties. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41 (2): 319–327.
20. Kambham N, Markowitz GS, Valeri AM et al. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: an emerging epidemic. Kidney Int 2001; 59 (4): 1498–1509.
21. Unger RH, Scherer PE. Gluttony, sloth and the metabolic syndrome: a roadmap to lipotoxicity. Trends Endocrinol Metabol 2010; 21 (6): 345–352. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.01.009.
22. Tonelli M, Moyé L, Sachs FM et al. Cholesterol and recurent events trial investigators: effect of pravastatin on loss of renal function in people with moderate chronic renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14 (6): 1605–1613.
23. Reisin E, Weir MR, Falkner B et al. Lisinopril versus hydrochlorothiazide in obese hypertensive patients: a multicenter placebo-controlled trial. Treatment in Obese Patients With Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Group. Hypertension 1997; 30 (1 Pt 1): 140–145.
24. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Dell’Oro R et al. CROSS Study. Comparative effects of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and sympathetic drive in obese hypertensive individuals: results of the CROSS study. J Hypertens 2003; 21 (9): 1761–1769.
25. Bramlage P, Pitrow D, Wittchen HU et al. Hypertension in overweight and obese primary care patients is highly prevalent and poorly controlled. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17 (10): 904–910.
26. Wing RR, Lang W, Wadden TA et al. Look AHEAD research group benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011; 34 (7): 1481–1486. doi: 10.2337/dc10-2415.
27. Afshinnia F, Wilt TJ, Duval E et al. Weight loss and proteinuria: systematic review of clinical trials and comparative cohorts. Nephrol Dial Transpant 2010; 25 (4): 1173–1183. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp640.
28. Shen WW, Chen HM, Chen H et al. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: body mass index and proteinuria. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5 (8): 1401–1409. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01370210.
29. Straznicky NE, Grima MT, Lambert EA et al. Exercise augments weight loss induced improvement in renal function in obese metabolic syndrome individuals. J Hypertens 2011; 29 (3): 553–564. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283418875.
30. Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Noakes M et al. Renal function following long-term weight loss in individuals with abdominal obesity on a very low-carbohydrate diet vs. high-carbohydrate diet. J Am Diet Assoc 2010; 110 (4): 633–638. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.12.016.
31. Teplan V. Metabolismus a ledviny. Praha: Grada Publishing 2000.
32. Teplan V, Mengerová O. Dieta a nutriční opatření u chorob ledvin a močových cest. Praha: Mladá fronta 2010.
33. Sachdev P, Reece L, Thomson M et al. Intragastric ballon as an adjunct to lifestyle programme in severely obese adolescents: impact on biomedical outcomes, and skeletal health. Int J Obes 2017. In press. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.215.
34. Beneš M, Hucl T, Drastich P et al. Endoskopický duodeno-jejunální bypass (Endo-Barrrier) jako nový terapeutický přístup u obézních diabetiků 2. typu – efektivita a faktory predisponující optimální efekt. Gastroent Hepatol 2016; 70 (6): 491–499. doi: 10.14735/amgh2016csgh. info15.
35. Holéczy P, Bužga M. Současná bariatricko-metabolická chirurgie. Gastroent Hepatol 2016; 70 (6): 485–490. doi: 10.14735/amgh2016485.
36. Jamal MH, Corcelles R, Daigle CR et al. Safety and effectiveness of bariatric surgery in dialysis patients and kidney transplantation candidates. Surg Obes Dis 2015; 11 (2): 419–423. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2014.09.022.
37. Al-Bahri S, Fakhry TK, Gonzalvo JP et al. Bariatric surgery as a bridge to renal transplantation in patients with end-stage renal disease. Obes Surg 2017. In press. doi: 10.1007/s11695-017-2722-6.
38. Kienzl-Wagner K, Weissenbacher A, Gehlwolf P et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: gateway to kidney transplantation. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13 (6): 909–915. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.01. 005.
39. Fenske WK, Dubb S, Bueter M et al. Effect of bariatric surgery-induced weight loss on renal and systemic inflammation and blood pressure: a 12-month prospective study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013; 9 (4): 559–568. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2012. 03.009.
40. Ikramuddin S, Korner J, Lee WJ et al. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs intensive medical management for the control of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: the Diabetes Surgery Study randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 309 (21): 2240–2249. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013. 5835.
41. Navaneethan SD, Yehnert H, Moustarah F et al. Weight loss intervention in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4 (10): 1565–1574. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02250409.
42. van de Borne P, Watrin I, Bouqueqneau M et al. Ambulatory blood pressure and neuroendocrine control after diet-assisted gastric restrictive surgery. J Hypertens 2000; 18 (3): 301–306.
43. Matlaga BR, Shore AD, Magnuson T et al. Effect of gastric bypass surgery on kidney stone disease. J Urol 2009; 18 (6): 2573–2577. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.02. 029.
44. Turgeon NA, Perez S, Mondestin M et al. The impact of renal function on outcomes of bariatric surgery. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23 (5): 885–894. doi: 10.1681/ASN. 2011050476.
45. Li K, Zou J, Ye Z et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on renal function in obese patients: A systematic review and meta analysis. Plos One 2016; 11 (10): 1–18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163907.
46. Gheith O, Al-Otaibi T, Halim MA et al. Bariatric surgery in renal transpant patients. Exper and Clin Transplant 2017; 15 (Suppl 1): 164–169.
47. Gazzetta PG, Bissolati M, Saibene A et al. Bariatric surgery to target obesity in the renal transplant population: preliminary experience in a single center. Transp Proc 2017; 49 (4): 646–649. doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.02.032.
Štítky
Paediatric gastroenterology Gastroenterology and hepatology SurgeryČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
2017 Číslo 6
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- Metamizole vs. Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia
- Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
- Possibilities of Using Metamizole in the Treatment of Acute Primary Headaches
- Current Insights into the Antispasmodic and Analgesic Effects of Metamizole on the Gastrointestinal Tract
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Cytomegalovirus infection and the liver
- Magnesium sulfate saline laxatives in the preparation for colonoscopy – our experience
- Epidemiology, hospitalization and migration of patients with IBD under specialized care in the Czech Republic
- Obesity and kidney