Changes in the prevalence of obesity in Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current correlates: HBSC Study

Česká verzia

Authors: E. Sigmund ¹; P. Baďura ¹; J. Voráčová ²; D. Sigmundová ¹; J. Kopčáková ³; V. Hobza JR. ⁴; M. Kalman ⁴
Authors place of work: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Fakulta tělesné kultury, Institut aktivního životního stylu Vedoucí: Mgr. František Chmelík, Ph. D. ¹; Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Fakulta tělesné kultury, Katedra společenských věd v kinantropologii Vedoucí: doc. PhDr. Zbyněk Svozil, Ph. D. ²; Univerzita P. J. Šafárika v Košicích Lékařská fakulta, Ústav psychologie zdraví a metodologie výzkumu Vedoucí: prof. Mgr. Andrea Madarasová Gecková, Ph. D. ³; Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Fakulta tělesné kultury, Katedra rekreologie Vedoucí: Mgr. Zdeněk Hamřík, Ph. D. ⁴
Published in the journal: Prakt. Lék. 2023; 103(4): 195-201
Category: Of different specialties

Summary

Objective: The main objective of the study is to determine changes in the prevalence of obesity in a representative cohort of Czech adolescents between 2018 and 2022 and its current correlates with respect to the socioeconomic status (SES) of adolescents’ families.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of 24535 adolescents aged 11–15 years (n = 11629/129062018/2022; boys: 50.4/50.6%2018/2022) was drawn from last two cycles of an online questionnaire survey conducted in 2018 and 2022. The SES of the families of the participating adolescents was categorised using the Family Affluence Scale. Obesity was represented by > 97% on the age-differentiated World Health Organization Percentile Body Mass Index charts differentiated by gender and age of adolescents. The chi-square tests (χ2) were performed to assess differences in prevalence of obesity in each gender and SES categories of adolescents between 2018 and 2022. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between different correlates and obesity in adolescents in 2022 separately for boys and girls.

Results: There was no significant increase in the prevalence of obesity among girls or boys in any SES family category between 2018 and 2022. Adolescents from low SES families had the significantly highest (p < 0.001) prevalence of obesity (11%BOYS and 5.8%GIRLS) compared to other SES categories of adolescents. Among adolescents from low SES families, individuals who engaged in daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) (p < 0.005) or 3 times per week vigorous PA (p < 0.05) had significantly lower odds of obesity than their less active peers. Skipping breakfast significantly (p < 0.05) increased the odds of obesity, but only in adolescents from low SES families. Shorter screen time significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the odds of obesity in all SES categories of adolescents.

Conclusions: Obesity, because of long-term positive energy balance mediated by imbalanced behaviour, is most pronounced in adolescents from low SES families. It was confirmed that significantly lower odds of obesity in adolescents from low SES families are associated with regular practice of recommended PA, shorter ST duration and not skipping regular breakfast.

Keywords:

obesity – HBSC study – socioeconomic status – Physical activity – breakfast – sleeping

Zdroje

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