#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

The analysis of the relationship between dementia and atherosclerosis risk factors


Authors: O. Machaczka 1,2;  M. Kovalová 2,4;  P. Ambroz 1,2;  V. Koutná 1,3;  E. Mrázková 4;  M. Bar 5,6;  M. Roubec 5,6;  P. Bártová 6;  R. Novobilský 5,6;  M. Sabela 5,6;  P. Kušnierová 10;  D. Stejskal 10;  L. Faldynová 11;  S. Walczysková 11;  L. Školoudík 8;  L. Šimůnek 7;  P. Šolínová 7;  D. Školoudík 9;  V. Janout 1;  J. Janoutová 1,3
Authors place of work: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Fakulta zdravotnických věd ;  Centrum vědy a výzkumu, Ředitel: doc. RNDr. Ondřej Holý, Ph. D. 1;  Ústav zdravotnického managementu a ochrany veřejného zdraví Přednostka: doc. MUDr. Helena Kollárová, Ph. D. 2;  Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Lékařská fakulta Ústav veřejného zdravotnictví, Přednostka: prof. MUDr. Dagmar Horáková, Ph. D. Ostravská univerzita, Lékařská fakulta 3;  Ústav epidemiologie a ochrany veřejného zdraví Vedoucí: doc. MUDr. Rastislav Maďar, PhD., MBA, FRCPS 5Katedra klinických neurověd, Vedoucí: prof. MUDr. Michal Bar, Ph. D. 4;  Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava, Neurologická klinika Přednosta: prof. MUDr. Michal Bar, Ph. D. 6;  Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové, Neurologická klinika Přednosta: MUDr. Pavel Kunc, Ph. D. 7;  Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové, Klinika otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku Přednosta: prof. MUDr. Viktor Chrobok, CSc., Ph. D. 8;  Ostravská univerzita, Lékařská fakulta, Centrum zdravotnického výzkumu Ředitel: prof. MUDr. David Školoudík, Ph. D., FESO, FEAN 9;  Ostravská univerzita, Lékařská fakulta a Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava, Ústav laboratorní medicíny Přednosta: prof. MUDr. David Stejskal, Ph. D. 10;  Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava, Ústav klinické a molekulární patologie a lékařské genetiky Přednosta: doc. MUDr. MVDr. Jozef Škarda, Ph. D. et Ph. D. 11
Published in the journal: Prakt. Lék. 2023; 103(6): 288-295
Category: Of different specialties

Summary

Introduction: Due to the aging of the population and the increase in life expectancy, an increase in the prevalence of dementia and atherosclerosis-based diseases is expected in the future. Both of these severe diagnoses have severalcommon risk factors. In addition, carotid atherosclerosis is considered as a predictor of dementia. However, the mutual relationship is still not sufficiently clarified. The main goal of the presented work was to describe the connectionbetween selected risk factors of atherosclerosis and dementia.

Methods: A set of 1,337 individuals from the AZV MZ CR project "Possible influence of atherosclerosis on the development of dementia", designed as an epidemiological study of cases and controls, was used to analyze risk factors. The study subjects were divided into four research groups according to the clinical examination results for the presence of atherosclerosis and dementia.

Results: Statistically significant differences in the occurrence of risk factors were found between all research groups, especially between individuals with dementia but without atherosclerosis and individuals with atherosclerosis but without dementia. Individuals with dementia and without atherosclerosis have statistically significantly more often primary education (p < 0.001) and are less often married (p < 0.001). Individualswith dementia (whether combined with atherosclerosis or without) were statistically significantly less likely to engage inphysical activity (p < 0.001) and less often engaged in activities such as reading and crossword (p < 0.001). Specifically, reading and individuals with dementia and atherosclerosis were found to have a statistically significantly higher risk of developing the disease (OR = 1.72; IS 1.02–2.88; p = 0.041) compared to the control group. On the contrary, individuals with atherosclerosis and without dementia are statistically significantly more likely to smoke (p < 0.001), have hypertension (p < 0.001), high cholesterol (p < 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.018).

Conclusion: Dementia and atherosclerosis are very serious diseases, and detailed knowledge of the risk factors for these diseases is essential. Many of these risk factors are common to both diagnoses and understanding the interrelationship betweenthem can help in the prevention and early detection of dementia.

Keywords:

dementia – prevention – Cognitive impairment – Atherosclerosis – risk factors


Zdroje
  1. Aldons JL. Atherosclerosis. Nature 2000; 407(6801): 233–241.
  2. Alzheimer’s Disease International. World Alzheimer Report 2019: Attitudes to dementia. [online] London: Alzheimer’s DiseaseInternational 2019. Dostupné z: https://www.alzint.org/u/ WorldAlzheimerReport2019.pdf [cit. 2023-12-15].
  3. Alzheimer Europe. Dementia in Europe yearbook 2019. Estimating dementia cases amongst migrants living in Europe. [online]Luxembourg: Alzheimer Europe 2020. Dostupné z: https:// www.alzheimer-europe.org/sites/default/files/alzheimer_europe_dementia_in_europe_yearbook_2019.pdf [cit. 2023-12-15].
  4. Bello-Chavolla OY, Antonio-Villa NE, Vargas-Vázquez A, et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes and dementia: review of evidence from clinical, translational and epidemiological research. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15: 456–470.
  5. Brain J, Greene L, Tang EYH, et al. Cardiovascular disease, associated risk factors, and risk of dementia: An umbrella review of meta-analyses. Front Epidemiol 2023; 3.
  6. de la Torre JC, de la Torre J. Cerebral hemodynamics and vascular risk factors: setting the stage for Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 32: 553–567.
  7. Ding N, Sang Y, Chen J, et al. Cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and long-term risk of 3 major atherosclerotic diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74: 498–507.
  8. Domanski MJ, Tian X, Wu CO, et al. Time course of LDL cholesterol exposure and cardiovascular disease event risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76: 1507–1516.
  9. Fenclová E, Albrecht J, Harsa P, Jirák R. Rizikové faktory Alzheimerovy nemoci. Čes. a slov. Psychiat. 2020; 116(2): 59–65.
  10. Godinho F, Maruta C, Borbinha C, Pavão Martins I. Effect of education on cognitive performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment.Appl Neuropsych-Adul 2022; 29: 1440–1449.
  11. Gohar A, Gijsberts CM, Haitjema S, et al. Health-related quality of life and outcome in atherosclerosis – Does sex matter? Int J Cardiol 2016; 212: 303–306.
  12. Hahad O, Schmitt VH, Arnold N, et al. Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with increased arterial stiffness in men and women: evidence from alarge population-based cohort. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112: 270–284.
  13. Hajar R. Risk factors for coronary artery disease: historical perspectives. Heart Views 2017; 18(3): 109–114.
  14. Harlé LM, Plichart M. Carotid atherosclerosis and dementia. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2015; 13(3): 309–316.
  15. Hoenig MC, Bischof GN, Onur ÖA, et al. Level of education mitigates the impact of tau pathology on neuronal function. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46: 1787–1795.
  16. Hussenoeder FS, Riedel-Heller SG. Primary prevention of dementia: from modifiable risk factors to a public brain health agenda? Soc Psych Psych Epid 2018; 53: 1289–1301.
  17. Cho H, Kim C, Kim HJ, et al. Impact of smoking on neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease markers in cognitively normal men. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23: 110–119.
  18. Iadecola C. The overlap between neurodegenerative and vascular factors in the pathogenesis of dementia. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120(3): 287–296.
  19. Iwagami M, Qizilbash N, Gregson J, et al. Blood cholesterol and risk of dementia in more than 1·8 million people over two decades: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev 2021; 2: e498–e506.
  20. Janoutová J, Kovalová M, Ambroz P, a kol. Možnosti prevence Alzheimerovy choroby. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2020; 83/116(1): 28–32.
  21. Jin Y‐P, Di Legge S, Ostbye T, et al. The reciprocal risks of stroke and cognitive impairment in an elderly population. Alzheimers Dement 2006; 2: 171–178.
  22. Kuiper JS, Zuidersma M, Oude Voshaar RC, et al. Social relationships and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 22: 39–57.
  23. Li R, Singh M. Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neuroendocrin. 2014; 35(3): 385–403.
  24. Luchsinger JA. Diabetes, related conditions, and dementia. J Neurol Sci 2010; 299: 35–38.
  25. Mátlová M. Výroční zpráva 2021 [online]. Praha: Česká alzeimerovská společnost. Dostupné z: https://www.alzheimer.cz/res/archive/006/000788.pdf?seek = 1656322488 [cit. 2023-12-15].
  26. Monnig MA, Tonigan JS, Yeo RA, et al. White matter volume in alcohol use disorders: a meta‐analysis. Addict Biol 2013; 18: 581–592.
  27. Moyle W, Murfield J, Venturto L, et al. Dementia and its influence on quality of life and what it means to be valued: family members’ perceptions. Dementia 2014; 13(3): 412–425.
  28. Nabe‐Nielsen K, Holtermann A, Gyntelberg F, et al. The effect of occupational physical activity on dementia: Results from theCopenhagen Male Study. Scand J Med Sci Spor 2021; 31: 446–455.
  29. Ogunmoroti O, Osibogun O, McClelland RL, et al. Alcohol and ideal cardiovascular health: The multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42: 151–158.
  30. Česká alzheimerovská společnost. Prevalence demence v Evropě [online]. Praha 2020. Dostupné z: http://www.alzheimer.cz/clanky/alzheimerova-choroba-ve-svete/prevalencedemence-v-evrope/ [cit. 2023-12-15].
  31. Qiu C, Karp A, von Strauss E, et al. Lifetime principal occupation and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in the Kungsholmen project. Am J Ind Med 2003; 43: 204–211.
  32. Rabin JS, Schultz AP, Hedden T, et al. Interactive associations of vascular risk and β-amyloid burden with cognitive decline in clinically normal elderly individuals. JAMA Neurol 2018; 75: 1124–1131.
  33. Reimers C, Knapp G, Tettenborn B. Einfluss körperliche Aktivität auf die Kognition. Ist körperliche Aktivität Demenz-präventiv? Aktuel Neurol 2012; 39: 276–291.
  34. Sattler C, Toro P, Schönknecht P, Schröder J. Cognitive activity, education and socioeconomic status as preventive factors for mild cognitiveimpairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Psychiat Res 2012; 196: 90–95.
  35. Sofi F, Valecchi D, Bacci D, et al. Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Intern Med 2011; 269: 107–117.
  36. Topiwala A, Allan CL, Valkanova V, et al. Moderate alcohol consumption as risk factor for adverse brain outcomes and cognitive decline: longitudinal cohort study. BMJ 2017; 357(8109): 1–20.
  37. Tůmová E. Současná intervence arteriální hypertenze a dyslipidemie. Med Praxi 2021; 18(1): 22–28.
  38. Walker KA, Power MC, Gottesman RF. Defining the relationship between hypertension, cognitive decline, and dementia: a review. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19(3): 24.
  39. Wang Y, Li C, Liang J, et al. Onset age of diabetes and incident dementia: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disorders 2023; 329:493–499.
  40. Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, et al. Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395: 795–808.
  41. Zatloukalová A, Roubec M, Školoudík D, et al. Atherosklerosis and dementia. Profese online 2020; 13(1): 17–21.
  42. Zhu W, Gao Z, Li H, et al. Education reduces cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease by changing regional cerebral perfusion: An in-vivo arterial spin labeling study. Neurol Sci 2023; 44: 2349–2361.
  43. Zvěřová, M. Alzheimerova demence. Praha: Grada Publishing 2017.

adresa pro korespondenci:
Mgr. Ondřej Machaczka, Ph.D.
Ústav zdravotnického managementu a ochrany veřejného zdraví
Fakulta zdravotnických věd UP Hněvotínská 976/3,
775 15 Olomouc
e-mail:
ondrej.machaczka@upol.cz

Štítky
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adults
Prihlásenie
Zabudnuté heslo

Zadajte e-mailovú adresu, s ktorou ste vytvárali účet. Budú Vám na ňu zasielané informácie k nastaveniu nového hesla.

Prihlásenie

Nemáte účet?  Registrujte sa

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#