The irreplaceable role of carbohydrates in the diet – glucose is not just a source of energy in metabolism
Authors:
O. Sobotka 1; A. Mrózková 2; L. Sobotka 1
Authors place of work:
Univerzita Karlova, Lékařská fakulta a Fakultní nemocnice v Hradci Králové, III. interní gerontometabolická klinika, Vedoucí: prof. MUDr. Vladimír Blaha, CSc.
1; Univerzita Karlova, Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové, Ústav preventivního lékařství, Vedoucí: prof. MUDr. Lenka Borská, Ph. D.
2
Published in the journal:
Prakt. Lék. 2024; 104(2): 78-83
Category:
Of different specialties
Summary
Currently, glucose is considered as the energy source for the formation of ATP. However, the production of energy in the form of ATP does not represent the basic importance of this carbohydrate. It is non-oxidative metabolism that may be of fundamental importance for the function of glucose in living organisms. Complete oxidation is then of secondary importance and if there is a shortage of glucose in the body, then the lack of glucose for non-oxidative metabolism may be the basis for the insulin resistance. Insulin resistance thus occurs in pathological conditions such as metabolic syndrome, acute and chronic inflammation, but at the same time it can be observed in physiological conditions such as rapid growth, regeneration, pregnancy or lactation. Since glucose is important for anabolic reactions, and not just a source of energy in the form of ATP, it is logical that insulin resistance purposefully reduces its irreversible oxidation; on the contrary, it increases gluconeogenesis and increases glucose cycling. This means that during the above states, the intake of carbohydrates (glucose) should not be reduced even during insulin resistance.
Keywords:
Glucose – insulin resistance – Krebs cycle – aerobic glycolysis – anabolic reactions – Cori cycle
Zdroje
- Soeters PB, Shenkin A, Sobotka L, et al. The anabolic role of the Warburg, Cori-cycle and Crabtree effects in health and disease. Clin Nutr. 2021; 40(5): 2988–2998.
- Singer P, Blaser AR, Berger MM, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clin Nutr. 2019; 38(1): 48–79.
- Stirbet A, Lazar D, Guo Y, Govindjee G. Photosynthesis: basics, history and modelling. Ann Bot. 2020; 126(4): 511–537.
- Wunder T, Mueller-Cajar O. Biomolecular condensates in photosynthesis and metabolism. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2020; 58: 1–7.
- Igamberdiev AU. Citrate valve integrates mitochondria into photosynthetic metabolism. Mitochondrion. 2020; 52: 218–230.
- Sobotka L, Sobotka O. The predominant role of glucose as a building block and precursor of reducing equivalents. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2021; 24(6): 555–562.
- Tran C, Tappy L. Carbohydrate metabolism. In Sobotka L. (Ed.) Basics in Clinical Nutrition. 5. vydání. Praha: Galén 2019.
- Corbet C, Feron O. Cancer cell metabolism and mitochondria: Nutrient plasticity for TCA cycle fueling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2017; 1868(1): 7–15.
- Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS, Sonnewald U. Astrocytic pyruvate carboxylation: Status after 35 years. J Neurosci Res. 2019; 97(8): 890–896.
- Spaans SK, Weusthuis RA, van der Oost J, Kengen SW. NADPHgenerating systems in bacteria and archaea. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6: 742.
- Xiao W, Wang RS, Handy DE, Loscalzo J. NAD(H) and NADP(H) redox couples and cellular energy metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2018; 28(3): 251–272.
- Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiol Rev. 2018; 98(4): 2133–2223.
- Soeters MR, Soeters PB. The evolutionary benefit of insulin resistance. Clin Nutr. 2012; 31(6): 1002–1007.
- Skorepa P, Sobotka O, Vanek J, et al. The impact of glucose-based or lipid-based total parenteral nutrition on the free fatty acids profile in critically ill patients. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5): 1373.
- Noba L, Wakefield A. Are carbohydrate drinks more effective than preoperative fasting: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. J Clin Nurs. 2019; 28(17–18): 3096–3116.
- Sobotka O, Ticha M, Kubickova M, et al. Should carbohydrate intake be more liberal during oral and enteral nutrition in type 2 diabetic patients? Nutrients 2023; 15(2): 439.
adresa pro korespondenci:
MUDr. Ondřej Sobotka, PhD.
III. interní gerontometabolická klinika FN
Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové
e-mail: SobotkaO@lfhk.cuni.cz
Štítky
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adultsČlánok vyšiel v časopise
General Practitioner
2024 Číslo 2
- Memantine Eases Daily Life for Patients and Caregivers
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- Metamizole vs. Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia
- Advances in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis on the Horizon
- What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- The topical steroid withdrawal and the dependence syndrome
- Fractures of proximal femur
- Mushrooms – a component of healthy nutrition of the future
- The irreplaceable role of carbohydrates in the diet – glucose is not just a source of energy in metabolism