Current treatment options for age-related macular degeneration

Česká verzia

Authors: Schreiberová Zuzana; Karhanová Marta; Pašková Barbora
Authors place of work: Oční klinika, Lékařská fakulta Univerzity Palackého a Fakultní nemocnice Olomouc
Published in the journal: Geriatrie a Gerontologie 2023, 12, č. 4: 172-176
Category: Review Article

Summary

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the retina that affects its central region, the macula lutea. It is a severe, sight-threatening disease that initially manifests unilaterally in most cases, but half of patients develop involvement of the fellow eye within 5 years of diagnosis. The etiology is multifactorial, with risk factors including age, genetic predisposition, smoking, and status post cataract surgery. There are 2 forms of the disease, namely dry and wet. The dry form of AMD usually progresses slowly, whereas the wet form can rapidly lead to deterioration of visual function. Diagnosis relies primarily on slit-lamp examination of the ocular background and examination by optical coherence tomography and angiography. The treatment of the dry form consists of supportive pharmacotherapy or rheopheresis, while the first-line treatment of the wet form is anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, which are injected directly into the vitreous cavity. There is no prevention of the disease; regular examinations by an ophthalmologist and self-monitoring of vision using the so-called Amsler grid, which is used to detect early signs of the disease, are advisable.

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