The use of adult human bone marrow stem cells in the treatment of spinal injury

Česká verzia

Authors: Š. Fedorko; R. Lipina
Authors place of work: Neurochirurgická klinika FN Ostrava, přednosta prim. MUDr. Tomáš Paleček, Ph. D.
Published in the journal: Vnitř Lék 2009; 55(3): 184-186
Category: 15th Parizek's Days

Summary

The spectrum of stem cells therapeutic uses broadens with advancing knowledge about this biological material. Treatment of spinal injury is one of the areas of stem cell use. Many pre‑clinical studies have shown that some cells can, for example, transdifferentiate into neuronal cells and replace those that are damaged. Through secretion of many growth and neuroprotective factors, stem cells prevent, to some extent, progressive cell death, form an environment suitable for regeneration of damaged tissue, facilitate neovascularization, remyelinization etc., and in consequence may improve post‑spinal injury neurological deficit. Several clinical studies have been conducted using stem cells in the treatment of spinal injury. The present paper provides a brief overview of potential uses of stem cells in spinal injury treatment.

Key words:
stem cells – spinal injury – therapy of spinal injury

Zdroje

1. http://www.spinalcord.uab.edu.

2. Bauchet L, Lonjon N, Perrin FE et al. Strategies for spinal cord repair after injury: A review of the literature and information. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2008. Available from: doi: 10.1016/jannrmp.2008.10.0004.

3. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR et al. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilizad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. JAMA 1997; 277: 1597–1604.

4. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Holford TR et al. Methylprednisolone or tirilizad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow‑up. J Neurosurg 1998; 89: 699–706.

5. Fehlings MG, Perrin RG. The Timing of Surgical Intervention in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of Recent Clinical Evidence. Spine 2006; 31 (Suppl 2006).

6. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinalcord injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1405–1411.

7. Sanchez-Ramos J, Song S, Cardozo-Pelaez F et al. Adult bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neural cells in vitro. Exp Neurol 2000; 164: 247–256.

8. Woodbury D, Schwarz EJ, Prockop DJ. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. J Neurosci Res 2000; 61: 364–370.

9. Muñoz-Elías G, Woodbury D, Black IB. Marrow stromal cells, mitosis, and neuronal differentiation: stem cell and precursor functions. Stem Cells 2003; 21: 437–448.

10. Jiang Y, Jahagirdar BN, Reinhardt RL et al. Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature 2002; 418: 41–49.

11. Kopen GC, Prockop DJ, Phinney DG. Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96: 10711–10716.

12. Mezey E, Chandross KJ, Harta G et al. Turning blood into brain: cells bearing neuronal antigens generated in vivo from bone marrow. Science 2000; 290: 1672–1674.

13. Akiyama Y, Radtke C, Honmou O et al. Remyelination of the spinal cord following intravenous delivery of bone marrow cells. Glia 2002; 39: 229–236.

14. Horwitzi EM, Dominici M. How do mesenchymal stromal cells exert their therapeutic benefit. Cytotherapy 2008; 10: 771–774.

15. Gage FH. Mammalian neural stem cells. Science 2000; 287: 1433–1438.

16. Ay H, Ay I, Koroshetz WJ et al. Potential usefulness of basic fibroblast growth factor as a treatment for stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 1999; 9: 131–135.

17. Mocchetti I, Wrathall JR. Neurotrophic factors in central nervous system trauma. J Neurotrauma 1995; 12: 853–870.

18. Corti, S, Locatelli F, Strazzer S et al. Modulated generation of neuronal cells from bone marrow by expansion and mobilization of circulating stem cells with in vivo cytokine treatment. Exp Neurol 2002; 177: 443–452.

19. DeKosky ST, Goss JR, Miller PD et al. Upregulation of nerve growth factor following cortical trauma. Exp Neurol 1994; 130: 173–177.

20. Cheng H, Wu JP, Tzeng SF. Neuroprotection of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in damaged spinal cords following contusive injury. J Neurosci Res 2002; 69: 397–405.

21. Takahashi T, Kalka, Masuda C et al. Ischemia and cytokine‑induced mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells for neovascularization. Nat Med 1999; 5: 434–438.

22. Lie DC, Dziewczapolski G, Willhoite AR et al. The adult substantia nigra contains progenitor cells with neurogenic potential. J Neurosci 2002; 22: 6639–6649.

23. Hermann DM, Kilic E, Kugler S et al. Adenovirus-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression protects against subsequent cortical cold injury in rats. Neurobiol 2001; 8: 964–973.

24. Koda M, Nishio Y, Kamada T et al. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) mobilizes bone marrowderived cells into injured spinal cord and promotes functional recovery after compression‑induced spinal cord injury in mice. Brain Res 2007; 1149: 223–231.

25. Urdzikova L, Jendelova P, Glogarova Ket al. Transplantation of bone marrow stem cells as well as mobilization by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor promotes recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 2006; 23: 1379–1391.

26. Cheng H, Wu JP, Tzeng SF. Neuroprotection of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in damaged spinal cords following contusive injury. J Neurosci Res 2002; 69: 397–405.

27. Bouhy D, Malgrange B, Multon S et al. Delayed gm-csf treatment stimulates axonal regeneration and functional recovery in paraplegic rats via an increased bdnf expression by endogenous macrophages. FASEB J 2006; 20: 1239–1241.

28. Inoue S, Popp FC, Koehl GE et al. Immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells in a rat organ transplant model. Transplantation 2006; 81: 1589–1595.

29. Wang JW, Liu YB, Xu B et al. The study on immunomodulation of donor mesenchymal stem cells on discordant liver xenotransplantation. Chin J Surg 2005; 43: 1254–1258.

30. Bartholomew A, Sturgeon C, Siatskas M et al. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo. Exp Hematol 2002; 30: 42–48.

31. Zurita M, Vaquero J. Bone marrow stromal cells can achieve cure of chronic paraplegic rats: functional and morphological outcome one year after transplantation. Neurosci Lett 2006; 402: 51–56.

32. Callera F, do Nascimento RX. Delivery of autologous bone marrow precursor cells into the spinal cord via lumbar puncture technique in patients with spinal cord injury: a preliminary safety study. Exp Hematol 2006; 34: 130–131.

33. Saito F, Nakatani T, Iwase M et al. Spinal cord injury treatment with intrathecal autologous bone marrow stromal cell transplantation: the first clinical trial case report. J Trauma 2008; 64: 53–59.

34. Deda H, Inci MC, Kürekçi AE et al. Treatment of chronic spinal cord injured patients with autologous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: 1-year follow‑up. Cytotherapy 2008; 10: 565–574.

35. Chernykh ER, Stupak VV, Muradov GM et al. Application of autologous bone marrow stem cells in the therapy of spinal cord injury patients. Bull Exp Biol Med 2007; 143: 543–547.

36. Kang KS, Kim SW, Oh YH et al. A 37-year-old spinal cord-injured female patient, transplanted of multipotent stem cells from human UC blood, with improved sensory perception and mobility, both functionally and morphologically: a case study. Cytotherapy 2005; 7: 368–373.

37. Mehta T, Feroz A, Thakkar U et al. Subarachnoid placement of stem cells in neurological disorders. Transplant Proc 2008; 40: 1145–1147.