Symptomatic and asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in outpatient care – current issues

Česká verzia

Authors: Helena Šiprová ¹; Miroslav Souček ¹; Zdeněk Fryšák ²; Květoslav Šipr ³
Authors place of work: II. interní klinika LF MU a FN U sv. Anny v Brně ¹; III. interní klinika nefrologická, revmatologická a endokrinologická LF UP a FN Olomouc ²; Ústav sociálního lékařství a veřejného zdravotnictví LF UP Olomouc ³
Published in the journal: Vnitř Lék 2016; 62(10): 775-780
Category: Original Contributions

Summary

Objective:
To assess the diagnostic and therapeutic options in the care of patients with primary hyperparathyreosis in outpatient practice.

Cohort and methods:
The study included all the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism treated at the 2^nd Internal Medicine Department, Masaryk University and the University Hospital of St. Anne in Brno in the period from Jan 1, 2008 to Dec 31, 2013. The sample consisted of 218 patients, including 41 men and 177 women. Patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, especially patients with underlying hypovitaminosis D, renal insufficiency and those taking medications with possible effects on parathyroid hormone levels, have not been included in the study. A special attention was paid to differences between the normocalcaemic and hypercalcaemic patients. Ultrasound scanning was performed in all patients, while scintigraphy was indicated in patients who are considered for possible surgical treatment.

Results:
In the group of 218 patients, serum calcium levels at the baseline were pathologically elevated in 31 patients (14 %) and normal in 187 patients (86 %). One fifth of patients with normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism developed long-term hypercalcaemia – within two years in two thirds of the patients from the onset of the disease and sporadically also after more than four years of follow-up. Parathyroid adenoma was found and removed in 30 hypercalcemic patients (in 97 % of all 31 hypercalcemic patients operated on) and in 2 normocalcemic patients (40 % of all 5 the normocalcemic patients operated on). Pharmacological treatment was administered to 22 patients, of which 9 patients received long-term treatment and 13 patients received pharmacotherapy only during the preoperative preparation for patients with very high serum calcium levels.

Conclusion:
The results support the opinion that primary hyperparathyroidism is a biphasic disease. The initial normocalcemic period is often asymptomatic or associated with symptoms of little importance. Severe complications, however, may already be present also in normocalcemic patients. The decision of when patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism should be monitored and when initiation of treatment is needed should also require more detailed information.

Key words:
hypercalcaemia – hyperparathyroidism asymptomatic and primary – normocalcaemia – outpatient care – parathyroid hormone – surgery and pharmacotherapy

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