COVID-19 from the perspective of an immunologist
Authors:
Zuzana Střížová; Tomáš Milota; Jiřina Bartůňková
Authors place of work:
Ústav imunologie 2. LF UK a FN Motol, Praha
Published in the journal:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2020; 159: 67-71
Category:
Review Article
Summary
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has a number of similarities to SARS and MERS diseases. Its highly contagious nature is particularly due to the rapid spread of the disease through asymptomatic individuals; however, the world’s most contagious infectious disease is still considered measles. Scientific data have revealed the interactions between COVID-19 and the immune system. These findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Just as coronavirus itself the reports about the disease have massively spread through media and public contributing to overall public fear and stress. This promotion of non-scientific evidence and misinformation through social media might have also a devastating impact on the individual’s immune system. Data regarding the mortality rates of COVID-19 have achieved unprecedented media and public engagements, however, the true facts about the disease prevention, immunomodulation and novel treatments are often left unsaid. We present the most recent facts about COVID-19 disease and its interactions with the immune system.
Keywords:
future – vaccination – risk factors – prevention – influenza – SARS – COVID-19 – statistics – lethality – clinical features – immunomodulation
Zdroje
- Zhu A, Zhang DZ, Wang W et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. NEJM 2020; 382: 727–733.
- Prompetchara E, Ketloy C, Palaga T. Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2020; 38: 1–9, doi: 10.12932/AP-200220-0772.
- Mian A, Khan S. Coronavirus: the spread of misinformation. BMC Med 2020 Mar 18; 18(1): 89.
- Weston S, Frieman MB. COVID-19: knowns, unknowns, and questions. mSphere 2020; 5: e00203–e00220.
- Lu R, Zhao X, Li J et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 2020; 395: 565–574.
- Liu J, Zheng X, Tong Q et al. Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV. J Med Virol 2020; 92: 491–494.
- Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 2020; 579: 270–273.
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports: Situation report 55. WHO, 2020 Mar 15.
- Wu JT, Leung K, Bushman M et al. Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China. Nat Med 2020; 26: 506–510.
- Wallinga J, Teunis P. Different epidemic curves for severe acute respiratory syndrome reveal similar impacts of control measures. Am J Epid 2004; 160: 509–516.
- Ferguson NM, Cummings DA, Fraser C et al. Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic. Nature 2006; 442: 448–452.
- Guerra FM, Bolotin S, Lim G et al. The basic reproduction number (R0) of measles: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17: e420–e428.
- Xu B, Gutierrez B, Mekaru S et al. Epidemiological data from the COVID-19 outbreak, real-time case information. Sci Data 2020; 7: 106.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497–506.
- Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8(4): e21.
- Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun 2020; 109: 102433.
- Liang W, Guan W, Chen R et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol 2020 Mar; 21(3): 335–337.
- Xia Y, Jin R, Zhao J et al. Risk of COVID-19 for cancer patients. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21: e180.
- Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 727–733.
- World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: laboratory testing for 2019-nCoV in humans. WHO, 2020 Mar.
- Yi Y, Lagniton PNP, Ye S et al. COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16: 1753–1766.
- Dong X, Cao YY, Lu XX, et al. Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019. Allergy 2020 Mar 20, doi: 10.1111/all.14289.
- Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B et al. A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 2020; 579: 265–269.
- Channappanavar R, Perlman S. Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39: 529–539.
- Thevarajan I, Nguyen THO, Koutsakos M et al. Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19. Nat Med 2020; 26: 453–455.
- Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis 2020 Mar 28; ciaa344.
- World Health Organization. Key messages and actions for COVID19 prevention. WHO, 2020.
- Greenland JR, Michelow MD, Wang L, London MJ. COVID-19 infection: implications for perioperative and critical care physicians. Anesthesiology 2020 Mar 27, doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003303.
- Davison G, Kehaya C, Wyn Jones A. Nutritional and physical activity interventions to improve immunity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2014; 10: 152–169.
- Rismanbaf A. Potential treatments for COVID-19; a narrative literature review. Arch Acad Emerg Med 2020; 8: e29.
- Smith T, Bushek J, Prosser T et al. COVID-19 drug therapy – potential options. Elsevier Data Assets, 2020 Mar.
- Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. J Clin Invest 2020; 130: 1545–1548.
- Beran J. Isoprinosine a jeho možnosti v prevenci a v léčbě akutní respirační virové infekce včetně COVID-19. Dostupné na: www.prolekare.cz/covid-19
- Sanger D, Kirkpatrick D, Wee SL et al. Search for coronavirus vaccine becomes a global competition. NY Times, 2020 Mar 19.
- Thomas SJ, L’Azou M, Barrett AD, Jackson NA. Fast-track Zika vaccine development – is it possible? N Engl J Med 2016; 375: 1212–1216.
- World Health Organization. Similarities and differences – COVID-19 and influenza. WHO, 2020 Mar 17
Štítky
Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management Dental HygienistČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Journal of Czech Physicians
- Advances in the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis on the Horizon
- Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
- Metamizole in perioperative treatment in children under 14 years – results of a questionnaire survey from practice
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Testing for COVID-19: a few points to remember
- A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19
- Genetic mechanisms of aging
- The molecular genetics of cellular senescence in the context of organismal aging