Occupational asthma and occupational rhinitis – one airway tract, one disease?

Česká verzia

Authors: S. Perečinský; A. Jančová
Authors place of work: Klinika pracovného lekárstva a klinickej toxikológie LF Univerzity P. J. Šafárika a Univerzitnej nemocnice L. Pasteura, Košice, prednosta doc. MUDr. Ľubomír Legáth, PhD.
Published in the journal: Pracov. Lék., 64, 2012, No. 4, s. 164-168.
Category: Original Papers

Summary

Asthma and rhinitis are widespread around the world and often affect the patients simultaneously. Allergic inflammation with rhinitis is isolated to nasal mucosa only, whereas bronchial mucosa in asthma is associated with affected mucosa of upper respiratory tract. This idea is the basis of the terminology of „one airway, one disease“, which may also be applied to allergic rhinitis and asthma of occupational genesis. It has been published that 76–92% of patients with occupational asthma suffers from rhinitis. Less data concern associated asthma in patients with rhinitis of occupational etiology.

We have investigated prevalence of rhinitis in patients with acknowledged occupational asthma or, on the other hand, with prevalence of asthma in patients with occupational rhinitis. As the same time we analyzed the relation between these two diseases, which is closely related to evaluation of the chance of oneself to assert or acquit well socially, self-fulfillment.

The group included 121 patients: 89 with occupational asthma and 32 with occupational rhinitis. In the group of patients with occupational asthma, rhinitis was associated in almost 53.93%, in the group of patients with occupational rhinitis, 25% of patient were affected with asthma. An increasing trend in the occurrence of cases of associated rhinitis with occupational asthma was observed. The patients with occupational rhinitis, who also suffered from associated asthma, were classified as occupational rhinitis with transition to bronchial asthma. Frequent simultaneous occurrence of rhinitis and asthma indicate the need of a complex view of these diseases. In each patient with occupational rhinitis it is needed to perform targeted examinations to exclude bronchial hyperreactivity. In contrast, in bronchial asthma patients an otolaryngology examination is indicated as well as examination of upper respiratory tract by means of functional methods of examination at specialized institutions.

Key words:
occupational asthma – occupational rhinitis – prevalence – difficult social self-fulfillment

Zdroje

1. BURDORF, A., LILLIENBERG, L., BRISMAN, J. Characterization of exposure to inhalable flour dust in Swedish bakeries. Ann. Occup. Hyg., 1994, roč. 38, č. 1, s. 67–78.

2. DEMOLY, P., BOUSQUET, P. J. Links between allergic rhinitis and asthma still reinforced. Allergy, 2008, 63, č. 3, s. 251–254.

3. DLOUHÁ, B., HAVLOVÁ, D., FENCLOVÁ, Z. Profesionální alergická onemocnění v ČR. Alergie, 2008, Suppl. 1, s. 49–53.

4. FOLLETTI, I., FORCINA, A., MARABINI, A., BUSSETTI, A., SIRACUSA, A. Have the prevalence and incidence of occupational asthma and rhinitis because of laboratory animals declined in the last 25 years? Allergy, 2008, roč. 63, č. 7, s. 834–841.

5. GUERRA, S., SHERRILL, D. L., MARTINEZ, F. D., BARBEE, R. A. Rhinitis as an independent risk factor for adult-onset asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 2002, roč. 109, č. 3, s. 419–425.

6. KARJALAINEN, A., MARTIKAINEN, R., KLAUKKA, T., SAARINEN, K., UITTI, J. Risk of asthma among Finnish patients with occupational rhinitis. Chest, 2003, roč. 123, č. 1, s. 283–288.

7. LEE, S. A., ADHIKARI, A., GRINSHPUN, S. A., MCKAY, R., SHUKLA, R., REPONEN, T. Personal exposure to airborne dust and microorganisms in agricultural environments. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 2006, roč. 3, č. 3, s. 118–130.

8. LEGÁTH, Ľ. Depozícia – moderný fenomén v hodnotení inhalačného rizika banského aerosólu. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 2007, roč. 12, č. 1, s. 42–47.

9. LEGÁTH, Ľ. Choroby z povolania v Slovenskej republike z pohľadu klinického lekárstva. Pracov. Lék., 2010, roč. 62, č. 4, s. 184–189.

10. LEGÁTH, Ľ. Profesionálne ochorenia dýchacieho systému v podmienkach podzemných pracovísk – stále aktuálna problematika. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 2007, roč. 12, č. 2, s. 140–145.

11. LILLIENBERG, L., BRISMAN, J. Flour dust in bakeries – a comparison between methods. Ann. Occup. Hyg., 1994, roč. 38, Suppl., s. 571–575.

12. MALO, J. I., LEMIERE, C., DESJARDINS, A., CARTIER, A. Prevalence and intensity of rhinoconjunctivitis in subjects with occupational asthma. Eur. Respir. J., 1997, Jul; roč. 10, č. 7, s. 1513–1515.

13. MOSCATO, G., PIGNATTI, P., YACOUB, M. R., ROMANO, C., SPEZIA, S., PERFETTI, L. Occupational asthma and occupational rhinitis in hairdressers. Chest, 2005, roč. 128, č. 5, s. 3590–3598.

14. PEREČINSKÝ, S., JANČOVÁ, A., VARGA, M., LEGÁTH, Ľ. Retrospektívny pohľad na epidemiológiu profesionálnych ochorení dýchacích ciest. Aký bude vývoj v ďalších rokoch? Pracov. Lék., 2012, roč. 64, č. 1, s. 13–17.

15. SEBEROVÁ, E. Poselství nosu průduškám. Alergie, 2006, Supplement. 1, s. 35–38.

16. SEED, M. J., GITTINS, M., DE VOCHT, F., AGIUS, R. M. Occupationa rhinitis and occupational asthma; one airway, two diseases? J. Phys. Conference Series, 2009, 151: 012065.

17. SIRACUSA, A., DESROSIERS, M., MARABINI, A. Epidemiology of occupational rhinitis: prevalence, aetiology and determinants. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 2000, roč. 30, č. 11, s. 1519–1534.

18. ŠPIČÁK, V., PANZNER, P. et al. Alergologie. Praha: Nakladatelství Galén a Univerzita Karlova v Praze, Karolinum, 2004, 348 s. ISBN 80-7262-265-X (Galén), ISBN 80-246-0846-4 (Karolinum).

19. TOPOLOVSKÁ, Z., VARGA, M. Pracovní lékařství ve Slovenské a České republice – srovnání. Pracov. Lék., 2011, roč. 63, č. 3–4, s. 137–143.

20. VARGA, M., LEGÁTH, Ľ. Intervencie na pracovisku pri liečbe profesionálnej astmy. I-med, 2012, ISSN 1338-4392.

21. Zákon č. 437/2004 Z. z., o náhrade za bolesť a o náhrade sťaženia, Príloha č. 4. http://www.zbierka.sk.