Alarmins and surgical injury
Authors:
J. Máca 1; M. Peteja 2
Authors place of work:
Klinika anesteziologie, resuscitace a intenzivní medicíny, FN Ostrava
přednosta: prof. MUDr. P. Ševčík, CSc.
1; Chirurgická klinika, FN Ostrava-Poruba
přednosta: doc. MUDr. P. Zonča, PhD. FRCS.
2
Published in the journal:
Rozhl. Chir., 2017, roč. 96, č. 3, s. 105-113.
Category:
Review
Summary
Surgical intervention is an inseparable part of the management of serious surgical disease. However, surgery also presents a potential risk related to the so-called surgical injury causing immune response. When dysregulated the immune activation is able to cause local complications (i.e. wound dehiscence, impaired healing). Systemic decompartmentization of the immunologic disturbance can negatively influence long-term outcomes (i.e. hospital length of stay, mortality). Due to aseptic conditions in the operating room, such an immune activation is almost always of sterile nature. This involves the release of alarmins, protein-based molecules of the damage-associated molecular patterns family. The group includes e.g. high-mobility group box 1, heat-shock proteins, proteins S100A, and more. Under normal conditions, alarmins fulfil their physiologic intracellular functions. When the cell is stressed and/or damaged, alarmins are released into the extracellular space where they probably play their cytokine-like roles activating preferably the innate immune system. A number of experimental and clinical publications have been published concerning the role of alarmins in various acute and chronic diseases. However, to date a potential relationship between alarmins and surgical injury has not been extensively studied. Identification of alarmins that influence the pathological physiology of surgical trauma might play a role in the improvement of monitoring and predicting outcomes after major surgery.
Key words:
alarmins − immune response − major surgery − sterile injury
Zdroje
1. Barie PS, Hydo LJ. Epidemiology of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critical surgical illness. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2000;1:173−85.
2. Jakobson T, Karjagin J, Vipp L, et al. Postoperative complications and mortality after major gastrointestinal surgery. Medicina (Kaunas). 2014;50:111−7.
3. Khuri SF, Henderson WG, DePalma RG, et al. Participants in the VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Determinants of long-term survival after major surgery and the adverse effect of postoperative complications. Ann Surg 2005; 242:326−41.
4. Dobson GP, Longnus S, Miceli A, et al. Addressing the global burden of trauma in major surgery. Front Surg 2015;2:43.
5. Jhanji S, Thomas B, Ely A, et al. Mortality and utilization of critical care resources amongst high-risk surgical patients in a large NHS trust. Anaesthesia 2008; 63:695−700.
6. Pearse RM, Harrison DA, James P, et al. Identification and characterisation of the high-risk surgical population in the United Kingdom. Crit Care. 2006;10:R81.
7. Chu D, Bakaeen FG, Wang XL, et al. Does the duration of surgery affect outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting? Am J Surg 2008;196:652−6.
8. Kim JY, Khavanin N, Rambachan A, et al. Surgical duration and risk of venous thromboembolism. JAMA Surg 2015;150:110−7.
9. Spence RK, Carson JA, Poses R, et al. Elective surgery without transfusion: influence of preoperative hemoglobin level and blood loss on mortality. Am J Surg 1990;159:320–4.
10. Wu WC, Trivedi A, Friedmann PD, et al. Association between hospital intraoperative blood transfusion practices for surgical blood loss and hospital surgical mortality rates. Ann Surg 2012;255:708−14.
11. Van Haren RM, Thorson CM, Valle EJ, et al. Vasopressor use during emergency trauma surgery. Am Surg 2014;80:472−8.
12. Bamboat ZM, Bordeianou L. Perioperative fluid management. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2009;22:28−33.
13. Weigand K, Brost S, Steinebrunner N, et al. Ischemia/reperfusion injury in liver surgery and transplantation: Pathophysiology. HPB Surg 2012; availeble from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693364
14. Marik PE, Flemmer M. The immune response to surgery and trauma: Implications for treatment. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012;3:801–8.
15. NeSmith EG, Weinrich SP, Andrews JO, et al. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome score and race as predictors of length of stay in the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care 2009;18:339–46.
16. Eriksson LI, Kramer JH, Leung JM, et al. Perioperative cognitive decline in the aging population. Mayo Clin Proc 2011;86:885–93.
17. Bertsch T, Triebel J, Bollheimer C, et al. C-reactive protein and the acute phase reaction in geriatric patients. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2015;48:595-600.
18. Okeny PK, Ongom P, Kituuka O. Serum interleukin-6 level as an early marker of injury severity in trauma patients in an urban low-income setting: a cross-sectional study. BMC Emerg Med.2015;15:1–7.
19. Norberg Å, Rooyackers O, Segersvärd R, et al. Albumin kinetics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136371.
20. Lamm G, Auer J, Weber T, et al. Postoperative white blood cell count predicts. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006;20:51–6.
21. Bianchi ME. DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger. J Leukoc Biol 2007;81:1–5.
22. Pugin J. How tissue injury alarms the immune system and causes inflammatory response syndrome. Ann Intensive Care 2012;2:27.
23. Coffelt SB, Scandurro AB. Tumors sound the alarmin(s). Cancer Res. 2008;68:6482−5.
24. Salama I, Malone PS, Mihaimeed F, et al. A review of the S100 proteins in cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008;34:357–64.
25. Sims GP, Rowe DC, Rietdijk ST, et al. HMGB1 and RAGE in inflammation and cancer. Annu Rev Immunol 2010;28:367−88.
26. Matzinger P. The danger model: a renewed sense of self. Science 2002;296:301−5.
27. Chan JK, Roth J, Oppenheim JJ, et al. Alarmins: awaiting a clinical response. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2711−9.
28. Krysko DV, Agostinis P, Krysko O, et al. Emerging role of damage-associated molecular patterns derived from mitochondria in inflammation. Trends Immunol 2001;32:157−64.
29. Rocco PR, Dos Santos C, Pelosi P. Lung parenchyma remodeling in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Minerva Anestesiol 2009;75:730−40.
30. Arslan F, Keogh B, McGuirk P, et al. TLR2 and TLR4 in ischemia reperfusion injury. Mediators Inflamm 2010; availeble from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/704202.
31. Chavakis T, Bierhaus A, Nawroth PP. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products): a central player in the inflammatory response. Microbes Infect 2004;6:1219−25.
32. Matzinger P, Kamala T. Tissue-based class control: the other side of tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol 2011;11:221−30.
33. NeSmith EG, Weinrich SP, Andrews JO, et al. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome score and race as predictors of length of stay in the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care 2009;18:339−46.
34. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 1992;101:1644−55.
35. Tsan MF. Heat shock protein and high mobility group box 1 protein lack cytokine function. J Leukoc Biol 2011;89:847−53.
36. Lotze MT, Deisseroth A, Rubartelli A. FOCiS on damage associated molecular pattern molecules. Clin Immunol 2007;124:1−4.
37. Lotze MT, Tracey KJ. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 5:331−42.
38. Yanai Ban T, Taniguchi T. High-mobility group box family of proteins: ligand and sensor for innate immunity. Trends Immunol 2012;33:633−40.
39. Cohen MJ, Brohi K, Calfee CS, et al. Early release of high mobility group box nuclear protein 1 after severe trauma in humans: role of injury severity and tissue hypoperfusion. Crit Care 2009; availeble from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19887013.
40. Hartl FU, Hayer-Hartl M. Molecular chaperones in the cytosol: from nascent chain to folded protein. Science 2002; 295:1852−8.
41. Caderwood SK, Mambula SS, Gray PJ Jr. Exracellular heat shock proteins in cell signaling and immunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007;1113:28−39.
42. Heizmann CW, Fritz G, Schafer BW. S100 proteins: structure, functions and pathology. Front. Biosci 2002;7;1356−68.
43. Foell D, Wittkowski H, Vogl T, et al. S100 proteins expressed in phagocytes: a novel group of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. J Leukoc Biol 2007;81:28−37.
44. Frosch M, Metze D, Foell D, et al. Early activation of cutaneous vessels and epithelial cells is characteristic of acute systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Exp Dermatol 2005;14:259−65.
45. Vogl T, Pröpper C, Hartmann M, et al. S100A12 is expressed exclusively by granulocytes and acts independently from MRP8 and MRP14. J Biol Chem 1999;274:25291−6.
46. Pietzch J, Hoppmann S. Human S100A12: a novel key player in inflammation? Amino Acids 2009;36:381−9.
47. Foell, D, Roth J. Proinflammatory S100 proteins in arthritis and autoimmune disease. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:3762–71.
48. Meijer B, Gearry RB, Day AS. The role of S100A12 as a systemic marker of inflammation. Int J Inflam 2012; availeble from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/iji/2012/907078/
49. Shrikrishna G, Panneerselvam K, Westphal V, et al. Two proteins modulating transendothelial migration of leukocytes recognize novel carboxylated glycans on endothelial cells. J Immunol 2001;166:4678−88.
50. McIlroy DJ, Bigland M, White AE, et al. Cell necrosis-independent sustained mitochondrial and nuclear DNA release following trauma surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015;78:282−8.
51. Pugin J. How tissue injury alarms the immune system and causes inflammatory response syndrome. Ann Intensive Care 2012;2:27.
52. Ilmakunnas M, Tukiainen EM, Rouhiainen A, et al. High mobility group box 1 protein as a marker of hepatocellular injury in human liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2008;14:1517-25.
53. Demidov ON, Tyrenko VV, Svistov AS, et al. Heat shock proteins in cardiosurgery patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;16:444−9.
54. Taggart DP, Bakkenist CJ, Biddolph SC, et al. Induction of myocardial heat shock protein 70 during cardiac surgery. J Pathol 1997;182:362−6.
55. McGrath LB, Locke M, Cane M, et al. Heat shock protein (HSP72) expression in patients undergoing cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;109:370−6.
56. Máca J, Burša F, Ševčík P, et al. Alarmins and clinical outcomes after major abdominal surgery − a prospective study. J Invest Surg 2016;30:1−10.
57. Chen H, Xu C, Jin Q, et al. S100 protein family in human cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:89−115.
58. Kimura F, Shimizu H, Yoshidome H, et al. Immunosuppression following surgical and traumatic injury. Surg Today 2010;40:793−808.
59. Davies SJ, Francis J, Dilley J, et al. Measuring outcomes after major abdominal surgery during hospitalization: reliability and validity of the Postoperative Morbidity Survey. Perioper Med (Lond) 2013;2:1.
Štítky
Surgery Orthopaedics Trauma surgeryČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Perspectives in Surgery
2017 Číslo 3
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- Metamizole vs. Tramadol in Postoperative Analgesia
- Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Wilkie’s syndrome – a rare cause of duodenal obstruction in an adult female patient
- Laparoscopic diverting ileostomy in rectal cancer surgery
- Complete minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophageal resection
- The risks of retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy