Pectoralis major ruptures
Authors:
J. Chomič; V. Vaněček; T. Strnad; M. Tuček
Authors place of work:
Klinika ortopedie 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy a Ústřední vojenská nemocnice – Vojenská fakultní nemocnice Praha
Published in the journal:
Rozhl. Chir., 2022, roč. 101, č. 5, s. 211-226.
Category:
Review
doi:
https://doi.org/10.33699/PIS.2022.101.5.211–226
Summary
Injuries of pectoralis major (PM) muscle are among rare muscle injuries. Due to the lack of experience and knowledge in this field, they are often missed or improperly treated. Most often they are caused by an indirect mechanism, during strength sports, typically using the bench press. In clinical terms, they are typically characterized by specific disorder of the anterior axillary fold and a hematoma and, after subsidence of the swelling, disfiguration with medial retraction of the muscle belly. The most beneficial imaging method to examine these injuries is MRI with an emphasis on a properly set protocol. According to the Cordasco classification, they are categorized as PM distensions, isolated and complete ruptures. Ruptures involve most frequently the musculotendinous junction and tendon insertion. Operative treatment is indicated in isolated complete ruptures of one portion and complete ruptures of both portions of the pectoralis major tendon, predominantly in young active patients with high functional demands. Surgery should be preferably performed without delay, within no more than 6 weeks, in order to ensure the best results. The most common operative technique is reinsertion of the muscle by means of implants or direct suture. In chronic ruptures, it is often necessary to perform a reconstruction with a tendon graft. The results are good, although worse as compared to an early treatment.
Keywords:
tendon injuries – pectoralis major muscle – Cordasco classification – Bak criteria – cortical button
Zdroje
1. Rockwood CHA, Matsen FA, Wirth MA, et al. The shoulder. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier 2017:1198–1201.
2. Patissier P. Maladies des Bouchers: Traite des maladies des artisans. Paris, Chez J-B Baillere Libraire 1822;162–165. Cit. sec. 13.
3. McKelvey D. Subcutaneous rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Br Med J 1928;2:611–614.
4. McEntire JE, Hess WE, Coleman SS. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: a report of eleven and review of fifty-six. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54(5):1040−1046.
5. Tietjen R. Closed injuries of the pectoralis major muscle. J Trauma 1980;20(3):262−264. doi:10.1097/00005373-198003000-00015.
6. Kurčík D, Látal J. Traumatická ruptura musculus pectoralis maior. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 1983;50(1):108−112.
7. Zvijac JE, Schurhoff MR, Hechtman KS, et al. Pectoralis major tears: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging and treatment strategies. Am J Sports Med 2006;34(2):289−294. doi:10.1177/0363546505279573.
8. Butt U, Mehta S, Funk L, et al. Pectoralis major ruptures: a review of current management. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015;24(4):655−6562. doi:10.1016/j. jse.2014.10.024.
9. Chomiak J, Dungl P. Reconstruction of elbow flexion in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type I. Part I: surgical anatomy and vascular and nerve supply of the pectoralis major muscle as a basis for muscle transfer. J Child Orthop. 2008;2(5):357−364. doi:10.1007/s11832- 008-0130-0.
10. Čihák R, Grim M, Fejfar O, et al. Anatomie 1: Třetí, upravené a doplněné vydání. Praha, Grada Publishing 2011:378−380.
11. Larionov A, Yotovski P, Filgueira L. A detailed review on the clinical anatomy of the pectoralis major muscle. SM J Clin Anat. 2018;2(3):1015.
12. Wolfe SW, Wickiewicz TL, Cavanaugh JT. Ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle: an anatomic and clinical analysis. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(5):587−593. doi:10.1177/036354659202000517.
13. Bak K, Cameron EA, Henderson IJ. Rupture of the pectoralis major: a meta-analysis of 112 cases. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000;8(2):113−119. doi:10.1007/ s001670050197.
14. Bodendorfer BM, McCormick BP, Wang DX, et al. Treatment of pectoralis major tendon tears: A systematic review and meta-analysis of operative and nonoperative treatment. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8(2):2325967119900813. doi:10.1177/2325967119900813.
15. Cordasco FA, Mahony GT, Tsouris N, et al. Pectoralis major tendon tears: functional outcomes and return to sport in a consecutive series of 40 athletes. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2017;26(3):458−463. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2016.07.018.
16. de Castro Pochini A, Andreoli CV, Belangero PS, et al. Clinical considerations for the surgical treatment of pectoralis major muscle ruptures based on 60 cases: a prospective study and literature review. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42(1):95−102. doi:10.1177/0363546513506556.
17. ElMaraghy AW, Devereaux MW. A systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2012;21(3):412−422. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2011.04.035.
18. Sephien A, Orr J, Remaley DT. Pectoralis major tear in a 23-year-old woman while performing high-intensity interval training: a rare presentation. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(3):e232649. doi:10.1136/bcr- 2019-232649.
19. Äärimaa V, Rantanen J, Heikkilä J, et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(5):1256−1262. doi:10.1177/0363546503261137.
20. März J, Novotný P. Ruptura šlachy m. pectoralis maior a anabolické steroidy v anamnéze – kazuistika. Rozhl Chir. 2008;87(7):380−383.
21. Fung L, Wong B, Ravichandiran K, et al. Three-dimensional study of pectoralis major muscle and tendon architecture. Clin Anat. 2009;22(4):500−508. doi:10.1002/ca.20784.
22. Marsh NA, Calcei JG, Antosh IJ, et al. Isolated tears of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major muscle: surgical technique, clinical outcomes, and a modification of the Tietjen and Bak classification. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2020;29(7):1359−13-67. doi:10.1016/j. jse.2019.11.024.
23. Wurm M, Imhoff AB, Siebenlist S. Surgical repair of acute pectoralis major muscle ruptures. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2018;30(6):390−397. doi:10.1007/ s00064-018-0557-5.
24. Magone K, Ben-Ari E, Gyftopoulos S et al. Pectoralis major tendon tear: A critical analysis review. JBJS Rev. 2021;9(8). doi:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.20.00224.
25. Chiavaras MM, Jacobson JA, Smith J, et al. Pectoralis major tears: anatomy, classification, and diagnosis with ultrasound and MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 2015;44(2):157−164. doi:10.1007/ s00256-014-1990-7.
26. Miller MD, Johnson DL, Fu FH, et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle in a collegiate football player. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in early diagnosis. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21(3):475−477. doi:10.1177/036354659302100325.
27. Lee YK, Skalski MR, White EA, et al. US and MR imaging of pectoralis major injuries. Radiographics 2017;37(1):176−189. doi:10.1148/rg.2017160070.
28. Chang ES, Zou J, Costello JM, et al. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in predicting the intraoperative tear characteristics of pectoralis major ruptures. J Shoulder Elbow Surg .2016;25(3):463−468. doi:10.1016/j. jse.2015.08.037.
29. Bodendorfer BM, Wang DX, McCormick BP, et al. Treatment of pectoralis major tendon tears: asystematic review and meta-analysis of repair timing and fixation methods. Am J Sports Med. 2020;48(13):3376−3385. doi:10.1177/0363546520904402.
30. Manske RC, Prohaska D. Pectoralis major tendon repair post surgical rehabilitation. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2007;2(1):22−33.
31. Long M, Enders T, Trasolini R, et al. Pectoralis major tendon reconstruction using semitendinosus allograft following rupture at the musculotendinous junction. JSES Open Access. 2019;3(4):328−332. doi:10.1016/j.jses.2019.08.007.
32. Merolla G, Paladini P, Artiaco S, et al. Surgical repair of acute and chronic pectoralis major tendon rupture: clinical and ultrasound outcomes at a mean follow-up of 5 years. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2015;25(1):91−98. doi:10.1007/s00590- 014-1451-y.
33. Gregory JM, Klosterman EL, Thomas JM, et al. Suture technique influences the biomechanical integrity of pectoralis major repairs. Orthopedics 2015;38(9):e746−752. doi:10.3928/01477447-20150902-50.
34. Rabuck SJ, Lynch JL, Guo X, et al. Biomechanical comparison of 3 methods to repair pectoralis major ruptures. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(7):1635−1640. doi:10.1177/0363546512449291.
35. Kakwani RG, Matthews JJ, Kumar KM, et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: surgical treatment in athletes. Int Orthop. 2007;31(2):159−163. doi:10.1007/ s00264-006-0171-2.
36. Schepsis AA, Grafe MW, Jones HP, et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Outcome after repair of acute and chronic injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(1):9−15. doi:10.1177/036354650 00280012701.
37. Kang RW, Mahony GT, Cordasco FA. Pectoralis major repair with cortical button technique. Arthrosc Tech. 2014;3(1):e73−77. doi:10.1016/j. eats.2013.08.014.
38. Uchiyama Y, Miyazaki S, Tamaki T, et al. Clinical results of a surgical technique using endobuttons for complete tendon five cases. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2011;3:20. doi:10.1186/1758- 2555-3-20.
39. Garrigues GE, Kraeutler MJ, Gillespie RJ, et al. Repair of pectoralis major ruptures: single-surgeon case series. Orthopedics 2012;35(8):e1184−1190. doi:10.3928/01477447-20120725-17.
40. Hanna CM, Glenny AB, Stanley SN, et al. Pectoralis major tears: comparison of surgical and conservative treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2001;35(3):202−206. doi:10.1136/bjsm.35.3.202.
41. Merlin G, Koenig S, Gross J, et al. Functional outcome after pectoralis muscle repair. Curr Orthop Pract. 2017;28(4):436−39. doi:10.1097/BCO.0000000000000516.
42. Balazs GC, Brelin AM, Donohue MA, et al. Incidence rate and results of the surgical treatment of pectoralis major tendon ruptures in active-duty military personnel. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(7):1837−1843. doi:10.1177/0363546516637177.
Štítky
Surgery Orthopaedics Trauma surgeryČlánok vyšiel v časopise
Perspectives in Surgery
2022 Číslo 5
- Spasmolytic Effect of Metamizole
- Metamizole at a Glance and in Practice – Effective Non-Opioid Analgesic for All Ages
- Metamizole in perioperative treatment in children under 14 years – results of a questionnaire survey from practice
Najčítanejšie v tomto čísle
- Pectoralis major ruptures
- Endovenous ablation of varicose veins − current status and overview of methods
- Transversus abdominis release in the management of a large, chronic defect of the abdominal wall
- Appendicolith as a cause of late complications after appendectomy – a case report and literature review