MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma and their diagnostic and prognostic value

Česká verzia

Authors: M. Fedorko; D. Pacík; G. Varga; R. Wasserbauer; M. Ghazal; M. Nussir
Published in the journal: Urol List 2015; 13(1): 27-31

Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNA/miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level. They are involved in a number of critical biological processes including carcinogenesis. In the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) they can act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. They regulate apoptosis, cell growth, migration, invasion, proliferation, colony formation or angiogenesis through target proteins involved in several signaling pathways and they are directly involved in mechanisms of hypoxia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Differentially expressed miRNAs can differentiate tumor tissue from healthy renal tissue and even different RCC subtypes. Circulating and urinary miRNAs could become biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis or detection of the relapse of RCC. Moreover, prognostic value of several miRNAs has been shown. They may help identify high-risk primary tumors and estimate treatment response to biological treatment in metastatic tumors. The aim of the article is to provide comprehensive and the most up-to-date information about the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of RCC and their diagnostic/prognostic value.

Key words:
microRNA, renal cell carcinoma, biomarker, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis

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