Zraková neuroprotéza – stimulace zrakových korových center v mozku. Návrh neinvazivní transkraniální stimulace funkčních neuronů

English info

Visual Neuroprosthesis – Stimulation of Visual Cortical Centers in The Brain. Design of Non-Invasive Transcranial Stimulation of Functional Neurons

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the history and current status of visual cortical neuroprostheses, and to present a new method of stimulating intact visual cortex cells.

Methods: This paper contains an overview of the history and current status of visual cortex stimulation in severe visual impairment, but also highlights its shortcomings. These include mainly the stimulation of currently damaged cortical cells over a small area and, from a morphological point of view, possible damage to the stimulated neurons by the electrodes and their encapsulation by gliotic tissue.

Results: The paper also presents a proposal for a new technology of image processing and its transformation into a form of non-invasive transcranial stimulation of undamaged parts of the brain, which is protected by a national and international patent.

Conclusion: The paper presents a comprehensive review of the current options for compensating for lost vision at the level of the cerebral cortex and a proposal for a new non-invasive method of stimulating the functional neurons of the visual cortex.

Keywords:

Transcranial stimulation – visual neuroprosthesis – cortical visual centers

Autori: Ján Lešták
Pôsobisko autorov: České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta biomedicínského inženýrství, Kladno
Vyšlo v časopise: Čes. a slov. Oftal., 80, 2024, No. 3, p. 132-137
Kategória: Původní práce
doi: https://doi.org/10.31348/2024/2

Súhrn

Cíl: Představit historii a současnost zrakových korových neuroprotéz a předložit novou metodu stimulace nepoškozených buněk zrakové kůry.

Metody: Práce podává nejen přehled o historii a současném stavu stimulace zrakové kůry u těžkých poruch zraku, ale hlavně upozorňuje na jejich nedostatky. K nim se řadí hlavně stimulace právě poškozených korových buněk na malé ploše a z morfologického hlediska pak možné poškození stimulovaných neuronů elektrodami a jejich zapouzdření gliotickou tkání.

Výsledky: Práce dále předkládá návrh nové technologie zpracování obrazu a jeho transformace do podoby neinvazivní transkraniální stimulace nepoškozených částí mozku, která je chráněna národním i mezinárodním patentem.

Závěr: V práci je předložen ucelený přehled současných možností náhrady ztraceného zraku na úrovni mozkové kůry a návrh nové neinvazivní metody stimulace funkčních neuronů zrakové kůry.

Klíčová slova:

transkraniální stimulace – zraková neuroprotéza – korová zraková centra

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