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Použití sklérálních štěpů v oční chirurgii. Přehled

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Scleral Grafts in Ophthalmic Surgery. A Review

Aim: To summarize the history and current trends in the use of scleral grafts in ophthalmology.

Materials and methods: We conducted a review of the literature through the MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The search terms were "sclera", "graft", and "surgery". The search resulted in 1596 articles, of which we evaluated 192 as relevant. The relevant articles were sorted chronologically and according to the method of using scleral grafts, which enabled the development of a review article.

Results: The sclera has been routinely used in ophthalmology since the 1950s in many different indications. Some of these indications have become practically obsolete over time (for example, use in the surgical management of retinal detachment), but a large number still find application today (especially use in glaucoma or oculoplastic surgery, or as a patch for a defect in the sclera or cornea).

Conclusion: Even though allogeneic sclera is currently used less frequently in ophthalmology compared to other tissue banking products and the range of its indications has partially narrowed, it remains a useful material due to its availability and properties.

Keywords:

surgery – ophthalmology – review – graft – sclera

Autori: Jakub Dítě;  Magdalena Netuková;  Alexandra Procházková;  Martina Poláchová;  Katarína Krivosheev;  Pavel Studený
Pôsobisko autorov: Oftalmologická klinika 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady v Praze
Vyšlo v časopise: Čes. a slov. Oftal., 80, 2024, No. Ahead of print, p. 1-8
Kategória:
doi: https://doi.org/10.31348/2024/11

Súhrn

Cíle: Shrnout historii i současné trendy ve využití sklérálních štěpů v oftalmologii.

Materiál a metody: Provedli jsme analýzu literatury prostřednictvím databází MEDLINE a Cochrane Library. Hledaná hesla byla “sclera”, “graft”, “surgery”. Výsledkem vyhledávání bylo 1596 článků, z nichž jsme 192 vyhodnotili jako relevantní. Relevantní články byly seřazeny chronologicky a dle způsobu využití sklerálních štěpu, což umožnilo vypracování přehledového článku.

Výsledky: Skléra se v oftalmologii rutinně používá od padesátých let dvacátého století, a to v mnoha různých indikacích. Některé z nich se časem staly prakticky obsoletními (například využití při operačním řešení amoce sítnice), ale velká část nachází uplatnění dodnes (zejména využití v glaukomové či okuloplastické chirurgii, případně jako záplata při defektu skléry nebo rohovky).

Závěr: I přesto, že je v současné době alogenní skléra oproti jiným produktům tkáňového bankovnictví v oftalmologii využívána spíše méně často a okruh jejích indikací se částečně zúžil, zůstává vzhledem ke své dostupnosti a vlastnostem užitečným a perspektivním materiálem.

Klíčová slova:

chirurgie – přehled – oftalmologie – skléra – štěp

Zdroje
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