Association between Regimen Composition and Treatment Response in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Prospective Cohort Study

1. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: 2011 update. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.

2. Bastos ML, Hussain H, Weyer K, Garcia-Garcia L, Leimane V, Leung CC, et al. Treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis according to drug susceptibility testing to first- and second-line drugs: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:1364–1374. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu619 25097082

3. Mitnick CD, Franke MF, Rich ML, Alcantara Viru FA, Appleton SC, Atwood SS, et al. Aggressive regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis decrease all-cause mortality. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e58664. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058664 23516529

4. Franke MF, Appleton SC, Mitnick CD, Furin JJ, Bayona J, Chalco K, et al. Aggressive regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis reduce recurrence. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56:770–776. doi: 10.1093/cid/cis1008 23223591

5. Velasquez GE, Becerra MC, Gelmanova IY, Pasechnikov AD, Yedilbayev A, Shin SS, et al. Improving outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: aggressive regimens prevent treatment failure and death. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:9–15. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu209 24729493

6. Dalton T, Cegielski P, Akksilp S, Asencios L, Campos Caoili J, Cho SN, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for resistance to second-line drugs in people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in eight countries: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2012;380:1406–1417. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60734-X 22938757

7. Cegielski JP, Dalton T, Yagui M, Wattanaamornkiet W, Volchenkov GV, Via LE, et al. Extensive drug resistance acquired during treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:1049–1063. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu572 25057101

8. Falzon D, Gandhi N, Migliori GB, Sotgiu G, Cox HS, Holtz TH, et al. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs: impact on multidrug-resistant TB outcomes. Eur Respir J. 2013;42:156–168. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00134712 23100499

9. Van Deun A, Maug AK, Salim MA, Das PK, Sarker MR, Daru P, et al. Short, highly effective, and inexpensive standardized treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182:684–692. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201001-0077OC 20442432

10. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: emergency update 2008. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.

11. Zhang Y, Mitchison D. The curious characteristics of pyrazinamide: a review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7:6–21. 12701830

12. Franke MF, Becerra MC, Tierney DB, Rich ML, Bonilla C, Bayona J, et al. Counting pyrazinamide in regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12:674–679. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201411-538OC 25664920

13. Jo KW, Lee SD, Kim WS, Kim DS, Shim TS. Treatment outcomes and moxifloxacin susceptibility in ofloxacin-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2014;18:39–43. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0307 24365550

14. Farhat MR, Mitnick CD, Franke MF, Kaur D, Sloutsky A, Murray M, et al. Concordance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fluoroquinolone resistance testing: implications for treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19:339–341. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0814 25686144

15. Qazi F, Khan U, Khowaja S, Javaid M, Ahmed A, Salahuddin N, et al. Predictors of delayed culture conversion in patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2011;15:1556–1559. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0679 22008773

16. Kurbatova EV, Gammino VM, Bayona J, Becerra MC, Danilovitz M, Falzon D, et al. Predictors of sputum culture conversion among patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16:1335–1343. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0811 23107633

17. Brust JC, Berman AR, Zalta B, Haramati LB, Ning Y, Heo M, et al. Chest radiograph findings and time to culture conversion in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV in Tugela Ferry, South Africa. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e73975. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073975 24040132

18. Holtz TH, Sternberg M, Kammerer S, Laserson KF, Riekstina V, Zarovska E, et al. Time to sputum culture conversion in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: predictors and relationship to treatment outcome. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:650–659. 16670134

19. Selvakumar N, Kumar V, Balaji S, Prabuseenivasan S, Radhakrishnan R, Sekar G, et al. High rates of ofloxacin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis among both new and previously treated patients in Tamil Nadu, South India. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0117421. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117421 25738956

20. Kamal SM, Hossain A, Sultana S, Begum V, Haque N, Ahmed J, et al. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Bangladesh: reflections from the first nationwide survey. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19:151–156. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0200 25574912

21. Kurbatova EV, Cegielski JP, Lienhardt C, Akksilp R, Bayona J, Becerra MC, et al. Sputum culture conversion as a prognostic marker for end-of-treatment outcome in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a secondary analysis of data from two observational cohort studies. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3:201–209. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00036-3 25726085