Analysis of a fully infectious bio-orthogonally modified human virus reveals novel features of virus cell entry

English version

Autoři: Remigiusz A. Serwa ^aff001; Eiki Sekine ^aff002; Jonathan Brown ^aff002; Su Hui Catherine Teo ^aff002; Edward W. Tate ^aff001; Peter O’Hare ^aff002
Působiště autorů: Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, London, United Kingdom ^aff001; Section of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ^aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: Analysis of a fully infectious bio-orthogonally modified human virus reveals novel features of virus cell entry. PLoS Pathog 15(10): e32767. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007956
Kategorie: Research Article
prolekare.web.journal.doi_sk: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007956

Souhrn

We report the analysis of a complex enveloped human virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), assembled after in vivo incorporation of bio-orthogonal methionine analogues homopropargylglycine (HPG) or azidohomoalanine (AHA). We optimised protocols for the production of virions incorporating AHA (termed HSV^AHA), identifying conditions which resulted in normal yields of HSV and normal particle/pfu ratios. Moreover we show that essentially every single HSV^AHA capsid-containing particle was detectable at the individual particle level by chemical ligation of azide-linked fluorochromes to AHA-containing structural proteins. This was a completely specific chemical ligation, with no capsids assembled under normal methionine-containing conditions detected in parallel. We demonstrate by quantitative mass spectrometric analysis that HSV^AHA virions exhibit no qualitative or quantitative differences in the repertoires of structural proteins compared to virions assembled under normal conditions. Individual proteins and AHA incorporation sites were identified in capsid, tegument and envelope compartments, including major essential structural proteins. Finally we revealing novel aspects of entry pathways using HSV^AHA and chemical fluorochrome ligation that were not apparent from conventional immunofluorescence. Since ligation targets total AHA-containing protein and peptides, our results demonstrate the presence of abundant AHA-labelled products in cytoplasmic macrodomains and tubules which no longer contain intact particles detectable by immunofluorescence. Although these do not co-localise with lysosomal markers, we propose they may represent sites of proteolytic virion processing. Analysis of HSV^AHA also enabled the discrimination or primary entering from secondary assembling, demonstrating assembly and second round infection within 6 hrs of initial infection and dual infections of primary and secondary virus in spatially restricted cytoplasmic areas of the same cell. Together with other demonstrated applications e.g., in genome biology, lipid and protein trafficking, the work further exemplifies the utility and potential of bio-orthogonal chemistry for studies in many aspects of virus-host interactions.

Klíčová slova:

Ligation assay – Virions – Amino acid analysis – Immunofluorescence – Capsids – Methionine – Structural proteins – Viral packaging

Zdroje

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